logo

29 pages 58 minutes read

Anton Chekhov

At Home

Fiction | Short Story | Adult | Published in 1897

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Character Analysis

Vera Ivanovna Kardin

Twenty-three-year-old Vera Ivanovna Kardin is the protagonist of "At Home." She is described as “[h]ealthy, clever, beautiful, and young […]—she had hitherto lacked nothing in her life but just this space and freedom” (Part 1, Paragraph 5). Vera comes from a privileged background, and at the beginning of the story, hopes to create a happy, peaceful life on her country estate.

Vera belongs to a long tradition of Chekhov protagonists who leave the city only to be disillusioned by provincial life. She is initially excited about the prospect of living in the countryside and sees it as a chance to escape the confines of her boarding-school life. However, she quickly realizes that, for her, rural life is tedious and unstimulating. Thinking of the people who enter her social circle, she believes that “nowhere else [had she] met people so indifferent and careless as these” (Part 2, Paragraph 15).

Vera is disturbed by the poverty and oppression she sees among the local peasants and the house servants that her aunt mistreats. Her extensive education and reading have made her feel a responsibility to help them, but she has no idea how to go about doing so. When she attempts to find common ground with the peasants, she finds them “strange and uninteresting” (Part 2, Paragraph 17). Her distaste for their way of life makes it even more difficult for her to believe she can make a positive social impact.

The only meaningful interaction Vera has is with the young soldier who is hired as a laborer to clear paths in the garden. Watching him do his work is the only thing that interests her since her arrival. She never explains why he interests her, but she finds it “pleasant to imagine what [the paths] would be like when they were strewn with yellow sand” (Part 3, Paragraph 16). The young soldier carving a straight path through an aristocrat’s neglected garden symbolizes the changes taking place in Russia at the time: The people who are carving a path to the future are not the upper classes but those of the working class. Vera can only sit comfortably by the window and enjoy his work.

Vera’s coming-of-age moment occurs when she decides to marry Neshtchapov, despite her dislike for him, because it is her only real option. She comes to terms with her place in life of upholding the status quo while only making gestures toward social reform.

Auntie Dasha

Auntie Dasha, at age 42, is Vera’s paternal aunt, and she has overseen the management of the estate since the passing of Vera’s father. She tries to look young and fashionable and walks “with tiny steps with a wriggle of her spine” (Part 1, Paragraph 11). Dasha’s anxiety about the estate is a motif throughout the story, especially as it concerns Vera’s marriage prospects.

When Vera first arrives at the estate, Dasha cries out, “[Y]ou are our queen! Here everything is yours! […] I am not your aunt, but your willing slave!" (Part 1, Paragraph 10). The irony of this statement is that Dasha uses Vera’s inheritance to pay the estate’s mortgage rather than using her own. She is parasitic, expecting Vera to marry well and provide her with financial security. Unlike Vera, Dasha is completely satisfied with entertaining and playing cards. She loves Vera but does not share her curiosity about life. Dasha represents the older generation that is no longer able to effectively manage Russia’s social and economic system. Under Dasha’s frenetic but ineffective leadership, the failing estate is a stand-in for Russia under the control of the out-of-touch, inept monarchy.

Auntie Dasha illustrates the current time period, which is caught between the tsarist past and the revolutionary future. Commenting on Vera’s grandfather’s former beatings of the peasants, she says, “[T]imes are changed, […] one mayn't beat them nowadays” (Part 1, Paragraph 14). She still fires servants arbitrarily, showing that she does not care for their wellbeing as much as she is careful not to go against current trends.

Auntie Dasha is a foil for Vera because she foreshadows the kind of woman Vera might become if she gives in to the culture of cruelty, superficiality, and indifference that characterizes the landowning class.

Dr. Neshtchapov

Dr. Neshtchapov is a minor character who serves a major function in the story: Vera must decide whether or not to marry him and commit to a provincial life. Vera first learns of Neshtchapov through Auntie Dasha, who describes him as “such a handsome, interesting man!” (Part 1, Paragraph 19). When Neshtchapov finally appears in person, he is a great disappointment to Vera. He is described as “a pale, dark man in a white waistcoat, with a good figure,” but Vera finds him “very unattractive” (Part 1, Paragraph 21). She finds his entire style wrong for the time and place, noting that his white waistcoat in the country is “bad form,” while finding that his “elaborate politeness, his manners, and his pale, serious face with dark eyebrows, were mawkish” (Part 1, Paragraph 23). He doesn’t speak much in her company, which Vera guesses is “probably because he was stupid” (Part 1, Paragraph 23).

Dr. Neshtchapov symbolizes compromise. Vera dislikes him because she senses in him an uncultivated mind and that “for long, long years he had read nothing and cared to read nothing” (Part 2, Paragraph 15). Though he is a doctor, he is much more concerned with the factory’s operations. Country doctors often appear in Chekhov’s stories, and they can be voices of reason or echo the same small-mindedness as those around them.

Neshtchapov has an incurious mind that Vera finds stifling: Though he built a school for the local peasants, “it certainly never entered his head that the peasants were human beings like himself, and that they, too, needed university teaching, and not merely lessons in these wretched schools” (Part 2, Paragraph 17). This is commentary on the ongoing conversation in Russia about the education of the peasants and working class, one of the main social reform goals of the time.

In the end, Vera gives in to her aunt’s desires and, more importantly, her knowledge that she cannot accomplish meaningful change on her own. Besides Auntie Dasha’s comment that Neshtchapov fell in love with Vera’s photo, he has never shown any real interest in her. The fact that he loves her photo, rather than her as a real person, represents the superficiality of the upper class. Vera may find that, despite his exquisite manners, he cares for her as little as he cares for the peasants.

Alyona

Alyona illustrates the woeful treatment of the peasant class at the hands of the landowners. She is the only servant living on the estate, owing to the abuse of Auntie Dasha, which is well-known in town, and the estate’s shaky finances. Vera describes Alyona as “a pale, rather stupid little thing” (Part 2, Paragraph 7). She is described as mostly useless around the house, and she is infamous for breaking things, the cost of which the estate takes out of her wages.

There is a great deal of irony in Alyona’s story because her circumstances represent what Vera would like to see change—the plight of the peasants. Instead, she becomes a target for Vera’s rage when Vera realizes that chastising her aunt and grandfather for the young soldier’s dismissal “would be like killing one mouse or one snake in the boundless steppe” (Part 3, Paragraph 19). She reacts by calling for her grandfather to beat Alyona, and Auntie Dasha later informs her that Alyona has been sent home and beaten by her mother. Alyona’s mother comes to Dasha begging forgiveness, and it is possible that Dasha will hire Alyona again, and the cycle will continue as it has before.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text