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99 pages 3 hours read

J. D. Salinger

The Catcher in the Rye

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1951

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Chapters 19-23Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 19 Summary

Holden doesn’t like the Wicker Bar, where he’s meeting Carl, but he arrives early and has a few drinks. Carl arrives, and Holden thinks about their time in school, when Carl was obsessed with talking about who might be gay (they use the derogatory term “flit” throughout to refer to gay men), and would tell the younger students that they might suddenly become gay. At the time, Holden thought Carl might be projecting and was gay himself.

Holden tries to talk about this old subject, but Carl has no interest in it, saying Holden needs to grow up. Holden keeps trying to steer the conversation toward sex (to Carl’s consternation), but Carl is also disinterested when Holden says he has a problem that he needs to talk about. Holden asks Carl about who he’s dating, and he says he’s seeing a Chinese sculptress who is a good bit older than either of them. Carl is trying to be sophisticated, saying that the appreciates her because of her Eastern philosophy, but Holden keeps bringing the conversation back to sex.

Holden realizes he’s annoying Carl by asking personal questions, so he backs off and talks about himself. Carl tells Holden he needs to go see a psychoanalyst (Carl’s father is one), and Holden asks what Carl’s father would do to his mind. Carl says that it’s not like that, that it would just be about helping Holden recognize the patterns he’s stuck in. Holden keeps asking questions, and Carl says he must go and that he doesn’t care what Holden does. Holden asks him to stay, saying he’s very lonely, but Carl pays his tab and takes off, leaving Holden to think bitterly about Carl’s intelligence and vocabulary as the traits that make him important.

Chapter 20 Summary

Holden stays at the bar until very late, getting drunk by himself and imagining he’s been shot. Importantly, he’s concealing his wound from others in his imagined scenario. Eventually, he calls Sally again; she can tell he’s drunk and wants little to do with him. He goes into the men’s room and dunks his head in water; then, after being confronted by the piano player, he collects his coat and the record for Phoebe and heads out into the night.

He decides to go see about the ducks in the lagoon. On the way, he drops Phoebe’s record, shattering it, and collects the pieces. He wanders around the lagoon looking for ducks but doesn’t find any, then finally sits down on a bench and imagines freezing to death. He thinks about everyone who would attend his funeral, and then he recalls Allie’s funeral, which he missed because he was hospitalized after hurting his hand. He would rather be dumped in a river than have a funeral and proper burial.

Holden counts the money he has left; there’s very little, and he decides to skip his change across the unfrozen parts of the lagoon. Then, he decides that he’ll go home and sneak into his family apartment to see Phoebe.

Chapter 21 Summary

At the apartment building, there’s a new elevator operator, so Holden lies and says he’s there to see his neighbors. After he gets upstairs, he sneaks into his home and quietly heads to Phoebe’s room; he forgot that she sleeps in D. B.’s room now, so he sneaks through the apartment again to find her.

Holden gets into D. B.’s room, turns on the light, and watches Phoebe sleep for a little while. He takes a moment to look around the room and see all of Phoebe’s things laid out, which makes him feel less sad; her notebooks make him happy, especially when he sees she’s using a fake middle name, Weatherfield, because she doesn’t like her real one.

Holden wakes Phoebe; she’s thrilled to see him, and they chat about a play she was in and the movies she’s seen lately. Holden is distracted, trying to find out when his parents are coming home, and she tells him they’ll be back very late. Holden gives her the pieces of the record then, and she decides she’s going to keep them. They continue talking about Phoebe’s life until she realizes he’s not supposed to be home yet. When she realizes he’s been kicked out, she becomes upset and puts a pillow over her head. Holden tries to tell her it will be okay, but she won’t listen; finally, he goes into the living room and takes some cigarettes from his parents’ supply.

Chapter 22 Summary

Phoebe has come out from under her pillow when Holden returns, but she’s still upset, and she wants to know why he got kicked out again. He tells her there were a lot of reasons, but he goes into detail about the students and how much he hated them, particularly because of the secret fraternity they kept Ackley out of. He also tells her about Mr. Spencer sucking up to Thurber and about an old veteran who came to their dorm to see if his initials were still carved; all these things depress Holden, though he can’t quite articulate why.

Phoebe chides him, saying that he never likes anything, then challenges him to name something he likes. He agrees to it, but he can’t come up with anything; he’s suddenly struck by the memory of a classmate, James Castle, who upset another classmate, Phil Stable. Phil and his friends went to James’s room and bullied him relentlessly, so much so that James jumped out the window to his death. Holden didn’t know James well, but he’d loaned him a turtleneck, which James was wearing when he died. The students were expelled, but they didn’t get in any other trouble, and Holden was left thinking about his tangential connection to James, who he only thought of as the boy before him during roll call.

Phoebe presses Holden, and he admits he likes Allie; they argue over this, and Holden asserts that he can still like someone who is gone. She then asks him what he’d like to be, and he doesn’t know. She suggests a lawyer, like their father, and Holden is troubled by the idea that most lawyers do their jobs not because it’s right but because they’re good at it. He finally tells her that he’d like to be a person in a rye field at the edge of a cliff, keeping kids who are playing from plunging over the side; he’s based this idea on the song he heard the little boy singing in Chapter 16. Phoebe sits quietly for a time, then repeats that their father is going to kill Holden. Holden gets up then, saying he wants to go call Mr. Antolini, an old teacher of his who is at NYU now. Before he goes, Phoebe asks him to listen to her, as she’s been practicing belching; it’s not impressive, but it’s something.

Chapter 23 Summary

On the phone, Mr. Antolini tells Holden to come over; Holden trusts Antolini both because he was a kind teacher and because he was the one who scooped up James Castle after he leaped from the window. Holden speaks with him for a moment, then returns to the bedroom, where Phoebe has put on a record player.

The two dance. Phoebe is a very good, very serious dancer, which makes Holden happy. She also shows him a trick to make her forehead very hot; it doesn’t work, but Holden plays along, and he enjoys getting to kid around with her. They’re interrupted by the sound of the front door.

Holden hides in the closet while his mother enters the room and talks to Phoebe. Phoebe says she couldn’t sleep, and she covers for Holden when their mother smells cigarette smoke in the room, saying she lit one for just a moment out of curiosity. Their mother insists Phoebe get in bed, then leaves the room.

Holden decides to leave right away while his parents are both distracted. He asks Phoebe if he can borrow a bit of money until he’s supposed to come home on Wednesday, and she gives him all her Christmas money, saying he can bring what’s left to the play she’s going to be in later in the week. Holden starts to cry and can’t stop himself, which scares Phoebe. Finally, he calms down; she tries to get him to stay the night in D. B.’s room, but he says Mr. Antolini is waiting. He gives her his red hunting cap and sneaks out the door, no longer afraid of being caught.

Chapters 19-23 Analysis

Holden’s conversation with Carl, and Carl’s frustration, sums Holden’s dilemma up neatly: he’s entered the adult world before he’s ready, highlighting The Desire to Preserve Childhood Innocence. That Carl turns the conversation to psychoanalysis is a sign to the reader that they should be thinking of Holden through this lens. Holden is caught up in “the patterns of his mind” without realizing that those patterns are keeping him from addressing the grief and anxiety he’s feeling (192). Instead, Holden keeps trying to deal with the problem obliquely, through the people he encounters, and he imagines himself being shot again when he’s left alone at the bar. In that scenario, he hides his wounds, which mirrors his real method of trying to cope.

After exhausting his connections to the outside world, and being unable to find the ducks in the Central Park lagoon, Holden turns to the only person in the novel who sees him for who he is: Phoebe. When he’s around Phoebe, the tone of Holden’s thinking shifts; instead of reacting to the world around him with a glib cynicism, he’s earnestly happy to see her. He’s also honest with her about his frustrations with Pencey, and he is willing to engage with her on the matter, even though he still spirals into thinking about James Castle when he’s trying to explain what’s going on with him.

James Castle is a significant figure in Holden’s mind that has lurked in the background until this point. Any moment when Holden thinks of or discusses Elkton Hills should be considered alongside the fact that he witnessed a schoolmate die by suicide while wearing an article of Holden’s clothing; Holden has gone through an intensely traumatic experience through James’s death, which he doesn’t discuss with anyone.

Holden explaining what he wants to be when he grows up—a catcher in the rye, making sure children are protected—is a natural outgrowth of the tragedies he’s been party to. It’s also a desire for a kind of authenticity due to his view of The Lack of Authenticity in Adult Society; he worries that even lawyers who save people’s lives are only doing so out of their love of the adulation. This echoes Holden’s previous concerns with movie stars and talented musicians—to Holden, being recognized for something means being inauthentic.

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