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77 pages 2 hours read

Madeline Miller

Circe

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2018

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Chapters 14-17Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 14 Summary

Circe is driven to distraction by her loneliness, but a nymph named Alke is sent to serve Circe as a punishment. Alke is the nymph daughter of a lesser river god, and serving a daughter of Helios is desirable to her. Instead of understanding Circe’s power and generosity toward her, Alke behaves like a spoiled child. Circe realizes Alke will never understand and decides she is done trying to teach. She tells Alke that she will serve unseen and unheard or be transformed into a worm and thrown into the ocean. Unfortunately, word spreads that Aiaia is a good place to send unruly daughters for punishment. Circe hates it and asks Hermes to get them to stop, but he refuses. She sends him away, and he goes because she now bores him. Her lioness dies, and Circe’s magic cannot resurrect her. Circe is jealous of humans’ ability to live on in the underworld.

When men arrive on the island, she is excited at the prospect of visitors. The fact that they are mortal is all the better, as she believes that mortal fragility results in kindness, a value of friendship. Warmth runs through her, and her fingers “itched as if for needle and thread. Here was something torn that [she] could mend” (184).

She invites them in, feeds them, and gives them wine laced with herbs she can call on. As a woman, she fears being alone with them, but she’s certain the fear is irrational considering that she is giving them hospitality. Circe is proven wrong: The captain rapes her as the others wait their turn. She thinks to herself, “I am only a nymph after all, for nothing is more common among us than this” (188). She uses her magic to turn them into pigs and kills them all.

Chapter 15 Summary

Circe scrubs herself raw trying to remove the feeling of her rapist. She expects Helios to come and yell at her if nothing else, but he does not. She considers how expected rape is among nymphs and how even in her father’s halls, one of her relatives could have paid her father after assaulting her and all would be considered honorable. She considers Daedalus’s stories of constructing houses on faulty foundations and decides the only thing to do is “tear down and build again” (192).

More sailors come to the island again with the same story. They always claim to be tired, hungry, and grateful. She does not appear to be human anymore, but “none of it made a difference. [She] was alone and a woman, that was all that mattered” (193). They drink her wine and turn to her, eager to attack, but are shocked when she shows no fear. Instead, she turns them into pigs as they scream and beg for mercy. They claim they are sorry but she knows better, saying, “Sorry you were caught […] Sorry that you thought I was weak, but you were wrong” (195). On rare occasions, “pious” men arrive who do not view her as “dinner.” In such cases, she sometimes takes them into her bed to assert agency over her body after the trauma of her rape. She muses, “It was not desire, not even its barest scrapings. It was a sort of rage, a knife I used upon myself. I did it to prove my skin was still my own. And did I like the answer I found?” (193).

More men arrive, and she turns them into pigs without waiting for them to attack. Odysseus soon arrives; he notices Circe’s loom and speaks of his wife. No one else had ever done that before. Despite knowing Circe is a goddess, Odysseus does not seem in awe of her. He knows who she is and has moly from Hermes so she cannot harm him, but she has turned his men into pigs, so they are at an impasse. She offers a truce via sex; he says he will accept if she swears an oath on the River Styx not to harm him. She agrees.

Chapter 16 Summary

Odysseus shares the stories of his great adventures and misfortunes, from the Trojan War to his stymied attempts to return home to Ithaca. Circe thinks, “No wonder he limped, no wonder he was gray. This is a man who has faced monsters (207). Their relationship begins as a dare but becomes affectionate, and Circe feels that old urge to mend him as she does all torn things. She turns the pigs back into men and they stay on the island. Odysseus does not sugarcoat the horrors of war or his actions, but he does paint himself as a necessary leader making tough choices for the greater good, “a mind to guide the purpose and not flinch from war’s necessities” (213).

Circe shares no stories of her own so that he cannot collect her weaknesses as he has for so many others: “[A] door that did not open at [Odysseus’s] knock was a novelty in its own right, and a kind of relief as well. All the world confessed to him. He confessed to me” (218).

Circe’s relationship with Odysseus grows and opens her mind to hope for true happiness and love. She remembers, “I had once told Daedalus that I would never marry, because my hands were dirty, and I liked my work too much. But this was a man with his own dirty hands” (221). Odysseus asks to stay the winter, and she agrees. Circe realizes that his time with her is practice transitioning from war to domesticity. Their relationship is a dress rehearsal for when he goes home to his wife, Penelope.

Chapter 17 Summary

Apollo appears and forcefully delivers a prophecy about Odysseus to Circe. She’s furious and laments that she still forgets that her entire life is subject to the whims of the gods:

How many times would I have to learn? Every moment of my peace was a lie, for it came only at the gods’ pleasure. No matter what I did, how long I lived, at a whim they would be able to reach down and do with me what they wished (230).

Odysseus announces that he is leaving, and she tells him of the prophecy—he will make it home, but first the gods demand he speak with the prophet Teiresias in the house of death. She advises him on what to do when he speaks with Teiresias. She asks him to bring back a phial of blood touched by the shades of the underworld as a part of the summoning ritual, but she regrets it as she considers it something one of her heartless siblings, “someone with only witchcraft in their veins and no warmth” (234), would ask for. When he returns, she welcomes him back and gives him advice on how to survive the dangerous journey home. Circe does not take contraceptive draughts in the last month she shares with Odysseus.

Chapters 14-17 Analysis

The casual and pervasive misogyny underlying the lives of nymphs comes to a head as Circe is raped by a mortal to whom she gave food and wine. No one comes to her aid or even acknowledges her suffering, not even to chide her for “allowing” such dishonor to befall the line of Helios. Circe not only loses her sense of agency, control over her own body, safety, trust in men, and hopeful worldview, but she also learns that not even Helios’s great pride can make anyone care what happens to her. She considers how mortals and gods raped nymphs so often that it was expected: “I remember what I thought, bare against the grinding stone: I am only a nymph after all, for nothing is more common among us than this” (188). She resents that though nymphs are called brides, “that is not really how the world saw us. We were an endless feast laid out upon a table, beautiful and renewing. And so very bad at getting away” (195).

The dehumanizing nature of misogyny cuts her to her core, and she realizes that the only person with any interest in protecting her is herself. In the aftermath of her rape, Circe becomes colder and more ruthless, turning any men who might harm her into pigs, though some of her compassion lingers, as she spares the occasional pious man who does not try to attack her. Unfortunately, such men numbered fewer than ten to the hundreds of potential abusers caught by surprise and overpowered by the woman they intended to prey on.

As time passes, Odysseus eventually arrives as prophesied. To her surprise, Odysseus renews her old desire to fix broken things, and she notes that “this is something torn that [she] can mend” (208). In this clever, ruthless mortal, she finds comfort, acceptance, companionship, and even love. Through the stories of his misdeeds, she finds a sense of acceptance for her own trials, though she does not speak of them. Odysseus’s checkered past comforts her, and she reflects, “I had once told Daedalus that I would never marry, because my hands were dirty, and I liked my work too much. But this was a man with his own dirty hands” (221).

However, Odysseus is married and cannot stay on her island forever. Apollo’s appearance is a painful reminder that she lives at the sufferance of the gods who care nothing for her life or happiness. Although she feels she has finally retaken control of her life after her rape, the gods still disrupt her life and move her as they see fit, undermining her autonomy. Apollo’s prophecy for Odysseus threatens to take him from her. Initially, Circe refuses to deliver the message, but having matured since her youthful obsession with Glaucos, Circe not only tells Odysseus of the prophecy and allows him to leave, but she also offers him priceless advice to avoid the dangers that await him on his journey back to Ithaca—and Penelope. However, before he goes, Circe intentionally becomes pregnant with his child.

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