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54 pages 1 hour read

Elif Batuman

Either/Or

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2022

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Part 3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3: “Spring Semester”

Part 3, Chapter 8 Summary: “January”

Selin and Lakshmi decide to spend the intersession in Martha’s Vineyard. Selin suggests they stay in a bed and breakfast, but Lakshmi objects. She assures Selin that “someone” will ask the two to stay with them, and although Selin is dubious because they do not know anyone in Martha’s Vineyard, Lakshmi confidently garners an invitation from two complete strangers almost immediately after they arrive. Their hosts are a pair of Swedish twins who take them horseback riding and to a hot tub. Selin cannot decide if the experience is fun or depressing. When she gets back to campus and recounts the story of her trip to Svetlana, Svetlana remarks that she thinks that the Zoloft is working and that Selin seems more like herself again.

Selin signs up for a creative writing class and is disappointed by how bad everyone’s work is. They read Isaac Babel’s story “My First Goose,” and although there is much in the story that Selin relates to, she does not understand why the narrator had to kill the goose.

Part 3, Chapter 9 Summary: “February”

Selin attends a party that Lakshmi hosts at the literary magazine, and Selin is happy to see a student from the Turkish Club there. She stands with him and his friends and notices that, as Ivan had once tried to tell her, it is easier to converse with people after a drink or two. She has worn an expensive velvet outfit her aunt purchased for her, and Lakshmi compliments her on how well it shows off her body. One of the guys she has been talking to kisses her as she is making her way out of the bathroom, and when he suggests that they leave, it is not immediately clear to her that he is asking her to go home with him. She agrees because she always wants to leave parties and no one ever asks her to. When they get back to his house, they kiss some more, and Selin grows nervous. She tells him that she is not very experienced, and he tells her that there is “something” she can do with her hand. She finds the encounter unpleasant and is happy when it is over.

The next morning, Selin has a hangover. Thinking about the “aesthetic life,” she reflects on how, in the story of the seducer, the aesthetic life turns out to be about seducing young girls. How, she wonders, is one to live the aesthetic life if they are a young girl? She had thought that the aesthetic life would be more adventure based than it is turning out to be, and she reflects that it is actually a very conventional kind of progression from youth to “maturity.” She wonders about the relationship between the aesthetic life, sex, and love. She wonders if the guy whom she hooked up with, whose name she cannot remember, would have wanted to go further than they did. Should she have had sex with him? Could she find him again to see if he still wants to?

Part 3, Chapter 10 Summary: “March”

Selin goes to several more parties and experiments further with alcohol. She becomes violently ill at one party after drinking two rum and cokes, and the resulting hangover is terrible. She emails the guy she hooked up with at the literary magazine party to ask him out for coffee, and he responds that he “doesn’t really” drink coffee. It turns out that his name is complicated and Polish, so she decides to call him “the Count” (privately, not to his face) after a character in an Iris Murdoch novel whose name is so Polish and so complicated that people refer to him by his title alone. She goes home with another guy, a former classmate, but although they fool around, they do not have sex. She emails the Count again. This time, she overtly tells him that she would like to have sex with him. He immediately calls her. She goes to his house, and they do have sex. She finds it first uncomfortable, then unpleasant, and finally painful. Her lack of desire is not lost on him, and after it is over, he tells her that sex will be better in the future. She thinks about how bizarre “Trojan” is as a name for a condom brand; the metaphor of the Trojan horse, she notes, is “about permeability.”

Part 3, Chapter 11 Summary: “April”

In her writing class, they read Chekhov’s “The Lady With the Little Dog.” In it, the narrator, a Muscovite, seduces a woman from the provinces who is half his age. The woman is immediately regretful, and the man is immediately bored with her. Later, however, he realizes that she is “the one” for him, and he goes to her small, provincial town to find her. Selin’s reaction to sex had been markedly different from this woman’s, and that contrast is one of her focal points in analyzing the story. Her classmates seem to feel that the story, because it lacks a proper climax and conclusion, is formally innovative. Her professor thinks that it is a profound meditation on unrequited love. Selin is more interested in the interplay between the characters.

Selin emails Ivan, sharing that she has tried to follow his directions and “move on” and telling him about the Count. She notes that progress is often non-linear and likens it to the Russian formalist critique of the “knight’s move” because knights move in an L-shaped pattern across the chessboard.

In her writing class, one of Selin’s classmates writes a short story about losing his virginity that leaves Selin unimpressed. She finds a book about rules for dating and, reading it, realizes that she has failed to follow each and every rule in some way or other in past experiences with men. She runs into the Count at another party, but he avoids her and hits on one of her friends. Apparently, he has a “fetish” for south Asian women. She receives an exasperated email response from Ivan in which he tells her that she is “graceful in writing and clumsy in life” (264).

Part 3, Chapter 12 Summary: “May”

Selin’s friend Juho finds a girlfriend, a foreign girl from Mexico City who is painfully shy, obsessed with theater, and a student at Wellesley. Juho learns Spanish, and Lara pledges to learn Finnish. Lara plans to spend six months alone in Finland to determine whether or not she would enjoy living there. If she does, she will accompany Juho back to Helsinki after he completes his fellowship. Selin finds this plan strikingly bizarre.

Selin has applied to be a travel writer for a series of guides called Let’s Go. She also applied for a grant to study abroad in Russia. Although she wanted to write a travel guide about Russia, the guidebook editors would like to send her to Turkey: She speaks Turkish much better than she speaks Russian. The study-abroad grant that Selin receives is, she thinks, too little to actually pay for food and lodging in Moscow. Peter, who had directed the English teaching program she volunteered for the previous summer in Russia, finds her the telephone numbers of several individuals who can procure her the necessary visa invitation letter, rent her a room, and teach her Russian.

She agrees to travel to Turkey for Let’s Go. Although her mother is upset because the itinerary includes the disputed territory of North Cyprus and a stop on the Syrian border, Selin is set on going. She meets with the other writers-in-training, who learn how to write in the wry and “irreverent” voice employed in the Let’s Go guides. They are also taught basic self-defense, and there is much chatter among the writers about the negative experiences (and lawsuits) of students who worked for the company in previous summers.

Part 3 Analysis

The narrative is more plot driven in Part 3, and although Selin’s inner monologue of Literary Analysis and Self-Examination continues to figure prominently, the story is grounded firmly within the tradition of a bildungsroman. Selin sees further improvement because of her medication, and she socializes more, attending parties and experimenting with sex and alcohol. Although she does obtain a position with the travel guide company Let’s Go toward the end of Part 3, which suggests that she is progressing as a writer, the focus during these chapters is on areas of development other than intellectual growth. Part of what drives Selin’s experimentation is her desire to live a life reminiscent of her favorite writers and then to figure out how to translate that life into a meaningful, fictional narrative.

In part because her medication is working and in part because Selin grows more comfortable with her roommates and wider social group, Selin spends more time with people during Part 2. These interactions overall contribute to the theme of Identity, College, and the “Immigrant” Experience, with Selin’s own sense of self developing as she encounters new experiences and critically examines the choices of her peers. She and Lakshmi spend a portion of winter break in Martha’s Vineyard, where Selin attends a series of parties. There, she realizes that alcohol does help her to manage her social anxiety, and although there are times when she drinks to excess and becomes ill, she mostly uses alcohol in moderation, as a social lubricant. Although much of the socializing that she does at these parties and events is with friends, she does also start to experiment sexually and has a series of sexual encounters. They are not necessarily pleasant for her, but based on the way that she talks about them to Ivan, Selin is trying to “move on.” All of this behavior is developmentally appropriate for a college student, and it is the kind of experimentation typical of both campus novels and coming-of-age stories. Although this novel is markedly philosophical and character driven, these actions are a way in which Batuman places her own text in dialogue with other works of literature featuring young protagonists navigating their way through early adulthood.

Another moment of growth that happens for Selin during Part 2 is the realization that the “aesthetic life” seems to be easier for men to live than women. Figures such as Kierkegaard’s seducer are men, and it strikes her as unsettling and unfair that this avenue of exploration would be so gendered. This realization reflects the theme of Education Versus Learning, incorporating how part of Selin’s growth is deeply personal rather than institutional: Namely, she must, on her own, come to recognize the patriarchal nature of the institutions and systems that she must navigate. Coming-of-age novels often have protagonists encounter discrepancies in their expectations of the world. Interestingly, this is a key part of Proust’s Swann’s Way, which Selin reads but does not analyze through this particular framework. The protagonist of that text, which is part of a much larger series, is often struck by how little his expectations measure up to reality, and Selin’s moments of insight into the inherent sexism of the aesthetic life in some ways speak to Proust’s narrator. Another important aspect of Selin’s ruminations on the aesthetic life is her realization that it bears much more resemblance to what she thinks of as typical “growing up.” The process of self-discovery that involves socialization and sexual experimentation is ultimately directed toward the kind of conventional adult life that Selin has not yet expressed any interest in. She wonders at this point if the aesthetic life truly is the better path. Initially, it had seemed to her to be a way to live a life reminiscent of those depicted in her favorite novels, and she had hoped that it would lead her to produce better writing. She is no longer sure about this course of action.

The theme of literary analysis and self-examination emerges in particular as Selin’s class analyzes Chekhov’s “The Lady With the Little Dog” in this section. Again, the class is much more interested in the theoretical ramifications of the short story than Selin is. Her own response to the story is, of course, rooted in the way that it speaks to her particular experiences, and in this case, it inspires her to email Ivan. She tells him about her sexual experiences and notes that progress, for her, is not linear. Rather, it mimics the L-shaped pattern of a knight’s move across the chessboard. This is an astute observation and one of the moments in which her analytical methods do truly seem to have real practical application for her, but Ivan’s response is that she is “graceful in writing and clumsy in life” (264). Ivan’s response is also an astute observation, and it is one of the few moments in the narrative when Ivan seems to truly “see” and understand Selin for who she is.

Selin is hired by Let’s Go to write a portion of their travel guide on Turkey, and although she would have preferred to have been sent to Russia, she is happy enough to get the opportunity to write professionally. She also finds a way to use the limited stipend she has received to travel to Moscow to study. In both of these opportunities, readers can see Selin growing both intellectually and professionally. She is more interested in Russia than in Turkey, and ultimately her sense of self will be more grounded in her orientation toward the Russian language and its literature than in her Turkish American identity. Nonetheless, she can use her Turkish language skills to further her career as a writer at this point in time.

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