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43 pages 1 hour read

William Sleator

House of Stairs

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 1974

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Background

Authorial Context: William Sleator

William Sleator was an American author of children’s and young adult fiction. Born in 1945 in Maryland, Sleator died in 2011 in Thailand, where he lived part of the year. After graduating from Harvard with a degree in writing, Sleator started his career as a professional pianist in the UK and the US but eventually turned to writing full-time. He stated:

I’ve always been interested in both writing and music. When I first started getting published, I also worked as a rehearsal pianist for the Boston Ballet, touring with them all over the USA and Europe—I wasn’t making enough money from writing to support myself. [...] When book sales picked up and I started speaking at schools—which was very lucrative—I quit the ballet job (Antosca, Nick. “An Interview With William Sleator, YA Novelist.” HuffPost, 18 Mar. 2010).

Sleator’s first book, The Angry Moon, was published in 1970 and received a Caldecott Honor, one of the most prestigious awards in Children’s Literature. After releasing two novels based on his personal experiences, Blackbriar in 1972 and Run in 1973, Sleator then published House of Stairs in 1974, paving the way for his success in the genre of science fiction and psychological dystopia. The novel’s title is directly inspired by M. C. Escher’s well-known lithograph print of the same name. Sleator describes his inspiration for his novel as follows:

Although I have plenty of nasty characters in my books, because they are more interesting (Who do we gossip about? Nice people or obnoxious people?) at the same time I try to stay away from good vs. evil. People adore that plot concept. I find it banal. Still, there are plenty of people in the world who you wouldn’t exactly call evil, but who still do destructive things. For instance, the villain in House of Stairs does something that most people never do, which is to tell people nasty things that someone else said about them, who said it and exactly what they said, with some elaboration. I knew someone in high school who did this, and who destroyed relationships this way. It sure juiced up the plot! (Antosca, Nick. “An Interview With William Sleator, YA Novelist.” HuffPost, 18 Mar. 2010).

Sleator’s most popular books also include, among many others, Interstellar Pig (1984), Singularity (1985), Oddballs (1993), Rewind (1999), and The Phantom Limb (2011). William Sleator has earned critical acclaim for his speculative fiction, which often delves into the emotional dynamics of reluctant heroes being put into unfamiliar situations, and has been praised for his “spare, stylish, often darkly comic prose” (Fox, Margalit. “William Sleator, Fantasy Writer for Young Adults, Dies at 66.” The New York Times, 6 Aug. 2011).

Genre Context: Psychological Science Fiction

William Sleator is best known for his works of speculative fiction, mostly aimed at young adults and middle-grade readers. More specifically, Sleator’s novels tend to explore the psychological ramifications of what would nowadays be described as dystopian societies. Sleator himself explains:

A lot of the fun of writing science fiction is learning about real scientific phenomena, like behavior modifications or black holes or the fourth dimension, and turning them into stories. The challenge is to try to make the parts you invent as believable as the scientific laws you are using. If you succeed, then you are giving the reader something that is magical and fantastic but at the same time might actually be possible (“William Sleator.” Penguin).

In House of Stairs, the environment in which the protagonists are thrown is unfamiliar and unsettling. Most importantly, there is little to no reference to a specific time or location where the narrative is taking place. The only references to a place outside the house of stairs are mentioned through the characters’ partial memories of a seemingly authoritarian society. Additionally, the five teenagers undergo psychological experiments that lead them to confront their relationships with one another as well as their individuality. Those narrative characteristics place House of Stairs into the genre of psychological science fiction, drawing on the literary legacy of works such as George Orwell’s 1984 (1949) or William Golding’s Lord of the Flies (1954), for example. In addition, some contemporary works of young adult literature draw on similar themes and psychological explorations, including Suzanne Collins’s The Hunger Games trilogy (2008-2010) and James Dashner’s The Maze Runner series (2009-2016).

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