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95 pages 3 hours read

David Foster Wallace

Infinite Jest

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1996

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Pages 3-121Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Pages 3-32 Summary

Year of Glad

Hal Incandenza narrates his experience of sitting in the University of Arizona admissions office with his Uncle Charles. He is meeting with the Deans of Admissions, Academic Affairs, and Athletic Affairs, as well as the Director of Composition, the varsity tennis coach, and Aubrey deLint, a prorector at the Enfield Tennis Academy (E.T.A.), the sports-oriented boarding school that Hal attends. The university is tentatively offering Hal a generous tennis scholarship because he is an exciting prospect with “substantial promise” (4).

However, Hal is nervous. His worried grimace confuses the Deans. They explain that his test scores are terrible but his personal essays are very good, hinting at a wisdom far beyond his age. Given that Hal’s mother and his Uncle Charles both work at E.T.A., the University board is giving him a chance to explain the discrepancy between his terrible test scores and his “stellar” (7) essays. They want to be sure that his family has not helped him, so as to avoid any accusations of nepotism. Hal is almost paralyzed with nervousness. He sits silently while Charles speaks on his behalf. Eventually, the Deans ask Charles to leave. They want to let Hal speak for himself. Hal struggles to explain himself. Even though he did write the essays, his anxiety overwhelms him. He admits that a few recent grades may have been tweaked by the school because he was struggling with several issues but declares that everything before the last year is entirely his own work. He regrets that he “cannot make [himself] understood” (10) and blames the issue on something he ate.

Hal remembers a story told to him by his brother Orin. In the story, Hal was just a toddler. While their mother Avril worked in the garden, Hall tottered out to meet her with a patch of disgusting mold in his hand. He told his mother that he ate part of the mold, and she began to panic, worried that the mold may be poisonous.

Back in the admissions office, Hal tries to explain the events surrounding his confusing application. He believes that he is not benefiting from nepotism and explains that he reads many books. To show his literacy, he provides insights into famous philosophers such as Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Hal opens his eyes and sees expressions of horror on the Deans’ faces. The sensible, carefully arranged sentences that he believed he was using seem to have completely changed the moment he opened his mouth. The Deans panic. They pin Hal to the ground, worried that he is having a seizure. They try to describe the situation to Charles and, in doing so, accuse him of abuse for subjecting Hal to this interview when he is clearly not well. The men argue while Hal lays still on the bathroom floor, hearing ambulance sirens in the distance. He is taken to a hospital in a “special ambulance” (16). This is not the first time Hal has been hospitalized due to a potential mental health condition. While in the emergency room, he thinks about his family, his upcoming tennis match, and a fellow student named John N. R. Wayne, referred to as John “No Relation” Wayne. He remembers a time when John Wayne stood guard while Hal and another student named Don Gately dug up the head of Hal’s father. Hal thinks about his potential opponents in a tennis tournament. He is confident that he will win tomorrow’s game against a blind player named Dymphna.

Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment

In his living room, Ken Erdedy waits for a woman who has agreed to sell him some “unusually good” (18) marijuana. Though he has tried to give up the drug in the past and he has asked drug dealers to stop selling to him, he always relapses and finds a new dealer. The woman who will sell him drugs is four hours late, but Erdedy does not want to call her. Instead, he sits with his thoughts for hours and resists his constant urges to do something. He watches an insect crawl over his shelves. As the sun sets, his phone rings and his doorbell sound the same time. He freezes, unsure which to deal with first.

Year of the Tucks Medicated Pad (April 1)

As he nears the age of 11, Hal Incandenza is sent by his father James to speak with an unnamed man. Hal rides his bike to the man’s office, thinking that he is visiting the dentist. Inside, the man introduces himself as a “professional conversationalist” (28). Hal notices the lack of diplomas or credentials on the office walls. The man asks Hal personal questions, showing that he has deep and intimate knowledge about Hal’s family. He knows, for example, about Hal’s interest in Byzantine erotica and the strange connection between Hal’s family and a political crisis in the Canadian province Quebec. The man also mentions the sexual affairs of Hal’s mother. Hal becomes uncomfortable and tries to leave. Then, he realizes that the man is actually his father wearing a disguise. Though James is wearing a false face, he has forgotten to remove his trademark sweater vest, alerting Hal of his identity. James confesses. He explains that he wanted to talk to Hal in a way that did not “end in terror” (31), a reference to Hal’s habitual silent stares and awkward sounds. Nevertheless, this is exactly how the conversation ends. 

Pages 32-63 Summary

Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment (May 9)

Most days during his high school years, Hal leaves his dormitory before 6am and does not return until after dinner. His roommate is his brother Mario, who was born with disabilities that affect him physically and cognitively. One morning, as Hal rises early and prepares for tennis practices, he receives a telephone call from an unnamed person who says that their head is filled with “things to say” (32). Hal assures the person that he can wait forever. When the call ends, Hal knows that the person on the other end of the line was his oldest brother Orin. Mario wakes and asks who called. Hal tells him to go back to sleep, adding that Mario does not know the person.

Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment

A 36-year-old medical attaché from Saudi Arabia is in the northeast United States in his role as personal ear-nose-throat consultant to the Saudi Minister of Home Entertainment, referred to as Prince Q—. Due to the Prince’s diet—which consists solely of Toblerone chocolate bars—the attaché treats the Prince for “yeasty sores” (33) and sinus problems that require daily drainage. The attaché is a devout Muslim who refuses alcohol and drugs, unwinding each day by eating dinner in an armchair while watching films. The attaché returns home earlier than normal on April 1. The Prince blames him for the increased pain of a particularly difficult draining procedure. When the attaché returns home, his wife is still out. She is not available to make his food or to activate the television screen he uses to watch films. Annoyed, the attaché checks his mail and finds a package with an unmarked film tape. The package is labeled “HAPPY ANNIVERSARY!” (36). Certain that today is not his anniversary and that the tape is not meant for him, the attaché sits down to watch it.

Year of the Trial-Size Dove Bar

In a short section, the perspective and the narrative style change. A person named Clenette recalls an incident that took place in the Brighton Projects. A man named Roy Tony sexually harasses Wardine, his partner’s daughter. Meanwhile, Wardine’s mother uses a hanger to abuse her daughter, leaving scars on her back. Wardine’s boyfriend Reginald wants to help her deal with Roy’s abuse, but he also pressures her into a sexual relationship.

 

The narrative changes again. An eighth-grader named Bruce Green loves a girl in his class named Mildred Bonk. By the time they reach 10th grade, Mildred smokes, drinks, and uses drugs. By the age of 18, Bruce and Mildred live together with their baby daughter, a drug dealer named Tommy Doocey, and two other couples. Tommy Doocey is the man who will supply Ken Erdedy’s marijuana. When Mildred smokes marijuana, she watches entertainment cartridges. Bruce works all day. Nevertheless, their young lives are like “one big party” (39).

Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment

The Saudi medical attaché is still watching the tape he received in the mail.

The narrative switches perspective to Orin Incandenza. Orin is a professional football player for the Arizona Cardinals. He lives in the American southwest but dislikes the region, especially compared to his hometown of Boston, Massachusetts. In particular, he dislikes the southwest’s large cockroaches that have infested his home. Frequently, he suffers from nightmares about flying roaches, as well as his other fears: heights and early mornings. One morning, he thinks about his recent sexual partners as he walks through his apartment. To Orin, these women are “Subjects.” He remembers one Subject, who sprayed perfume while they had sex, and another Subject with whom he watched a horrifying documentary about schizophrenia. When under an increased amount of stress, Orin starts contacting the Subjects again.

Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment

At E.T.A., 17-year-old Hal visits the boiler room in the basement to smoke marijuana. Hal keeps his drug use secret from most people and tries to avoid smoking with anyone else. Though his mother knows that he drinks, Hal is successful enough that she can ignore the issue. While drug use technically should result in expulsion at E.T.A., this policy is not often enforced. Indeed, the prorectors of the school use drugs. Nevertheless, Hal carefully removes all evidence of his marijuana use. He is unsure why he is so careful, as though the secrecy of the drug use is more important than the drug use itself.

Mario also attends E.T.A. He does not play tennis, but—as a budding filmmaker—he films and edits the practice sessions and games for review. Before his death, James Incandenza was also a filmmaker.

Meanwhile, the medical attaché continues to watch the mysterious film. He is so captivated by the film that he has urinated over himself. He stares at the screen, watching the tape on a hypnotic loop.

Year of Dairy Products from the American Heartland (Autumn)

The previous year, a man named Don Gately violently robs a house. Don, who also has a substance use disorder, is “more or less a professional burglar” (55), but he rarely uses violence when stealing. On this occasion, however, he breaks into the heavily secured home of a leader of a group working against the Organization of North American Nations, the proposed superstate that includes Canada, Mexico, and the United States. Guillaume DuPlessis is a liaison between Quebecois separatists and right-wing political extremists in Alberta. Don had been led to believe that Guillaume would be vacationing with his family rather than being present in his home in Boston. However, Guillaume is suffering from a head cold, so he stayed at home. When Don ties Guillaume to a chair, Guillaume cannot breathe because of his cold. He dies of suffocation. Don is prosecuted for murder by a lawyer whose home he once robbed, meaning that the prosecution is particularly vindictive.

Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment (November 3)

The narrative changes to a first-person perspective to describe a dream common to all E.T.A. students: The common feature of the dream is the sense that they are sharing a room with a mysterious evil presence. They look at the floor and see a face, then know that this face is evil. When the students wake from the nightmare, they look at the bare, normal floor but cannot be certain that the evil face is not with them. 

Pages 63-95 Summary

Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment

James Incandenza was the first director of the Enfield Tennis Academy. After his death, his brother-in-law Charles Tavis took on the role. James, Sr.—James’s father, who was addicted to alcohol—excelled as a tennis player and an actor in his youth but failed to realize his potential after a scandal. James, Sr. trained his son to be an excellent tennis player; James also studied physics and filmmaking before opening E.T.A. and marrying Avril, whom he considered to be one of the only “bombshell-type females” (64) in the academic world. Avril was also heavily involved in the Quebec separatism movement. An extensive footnote describes James’s filmography, including an unreleased and possibly unfinished work titled Infinite Jest. James killed himself at age 54 by sticking his head inside a microwave rigged to stay on with the door open.

Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment (November 1, Denver, CO)

Orin and his football team fly around the Arizona Cardinals’ stadium dressed in bird costumes, a new part of their jobs that requires them to perform theatrical stunts before football games. The experience triggers Orin’s fear of heights, and, as an athlete, he resents being made to do such ridiculous things.

An E.T.A. student named Michael Pemulis speaks to a group of younger students about the psychoactive effects of a mushroom.

In a first-person passage, Hal explains how he tried marijuana for the first time at the age of 15 due to a recurring nightmare. He wanted to be able to sleep through an entire night but was frequently bothered by a nightmare in which he found himself on a giant tennis court. With a large crowd and no way to see his opponent, the umpire told him to play. He sees his mother supporting him in the crowd.

Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment

In the psych ward in a hospital, a doctor finds Kate Gompert on the bed in her room. Kate has been placed on suicide watch, meaning that she is under constant surveillance. The doctor asks the nurse for time alone with Kate and then reads her medical history, noting that she has been diagnosed with depression. She has been to the hospital four times in three years, and her most recent suicide attempt makes the doctor deeply concerned. Kate speaks to the doctor and describes her suicide attempt. She explains that she does not hate herself; she simply does not want to be alive any longer. Kate feels a sense of horror rather than sadness.

The medical attaché’s wife returns home to find her husband watching the film, soaked in his own urine. When she cries out and tries to rouse him, he remains unresponsive. She turns and looks at the screen, which is still playing the film.

Mario has a special relationship with Gerhardt Schtitt, the head coach at E.T.A. with an affinity for corporal punishment. Mario films the practice sessions for Gerhardt, who confides in Mario. They visit an ice cream parlor in Enfield and Gerhardt explains that tennis can be appreciated from a mathematical and philosophical perspective. He sees tennis as a mix between chess and boxing. His ultimate conclusion is that tennis and junior athletics are “life’s endless war against the self you cannot live without” (84).

Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment

Tiny Ewell rides in a taxi through Watertown in Massachusetts. He has an alcohol addiction and has recently finished a stay in a detox facility, and his wife has obtained a restraining order against him. A staff member from the rehab center rides with him as they head to the Marine VA Hospital Complex in Enfield.

The personal physician of the Saudi Prince becomes worried about the absence of the medical attaché. He sends assistants to check on the attaché’s house, where they find the attaché and his wife staring rapturously at the video screen as the film plays. The assistants are caught in the same mesmerized rapture. When the physician arrives to see for himself, he too is caught by the hypnotic images on the screen. Soon, the room is filled with medical staff and security guards who cannot look away from the screen as the mysterious film continues to play.

Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment (April 30)

Remy Marathe is a member of Les Assassins des Fauteils Rollents (the Wheelchair Assassins), an anti-O.N.A.N. resistance group. He sits in his wheelchair as he watches the sunset from a hilltop outside Tucson. In the dark, a field operative named Hugh Steeply curses as he walks into a cactus. Steeply is dressed as a woman and wearing a set of prosthetic breasts. Marathe and Steeply discuss the film sent to the medical attaché. The film has mesmerized a long list of people. Steeply accuses Marathe and his organization of sending the tape, which they obliquely refer to as “the Entertainment” (90). Steeply believes that Marathe’s people used the Entertainment to further their political agenda, though Marathe insists that his people have bigger objectives in mind. Steeply mentions that the medical attaché once had an illicit affair with the wife of the man who directed the Entertainment; the identity of the director is implied to be James Incandenza. In a lengthy aside, the narrator describes a giant herd of hamsters that is crossing the Great Concavity, the polluted, rotting section of land given to Canada by the United States when O.N.A.N. was formed. The herd of hamsters can be traced back to a single pair of hamsters set free by a young boy in Boston years before. Marathe insists that neither he nor his organization were involved in the Entertainment. Steeply notes that Marathe is working as a triple agent, and they discuss the death of DuPlessis, which Marathe believes is suspicious. 

Pages 95-121 Summary

Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment

In Tucson, Steeply asks Marathe about a politician named Rod Tine, who is having an affair with a woman named Luria. Marathe prefers patriotism to romantic love, though he notes that everyone is radicalized by something. He asks about Steeply’s motivations and why he is worried if some “wicked Quebecers” (108) want to spread the Entertainment. He hums the national anthem of the United States and thinks about his wife, whose severe medical condition—she was born without a skull—has forced him into becoming a double or triple agent to secure treatment and supplies from Steeply.

Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment (November 3)

Hal and other students discuss life at the ETA while watching footage of old tennis pros. They talk about the slim chances that any of them will become a professional tennis player. However, given many of the students are either very clever or from wealthy backgrounds, they will not need to do so. Hal decides that the only thing they have in common is their “aloneness” (112). These days, Hal smokes so much marijuana that his mouth fills with saliva if he goes too long without getting high.

Pages 3-121 Analysis

Hal’s interview in the college admissions office is—in a chronological sense—the last scene, taking place in the Year of Glad while most scenes take place in the Year of the Depend Adult Undergarment (or earlier). The scene involves Hal being accused of falsifying his college transcripts and then suffering from a strange and horrifying breakdown that results in a trip to the hospital. Though this is technically the introduction to Hal Incandenza and his family, the scene is also the conclusion to Hal’s story. In this moment, the rush of emotions he feels and the burning desire (and inability) to communicate is overwhelming. Whether induced by a drug or a psychological revelation, this scene shows the resolution of Hal’s story arc. However, his resolution is his introduction. The rest of the novel is spent building to this point. As such, the structure of the novel echoes the title. As soon as the audience understands Hal’s suffering, they must return to the beginning of the book and start it all over again. Like the Entertainment and like the depressive cycles that trap the characters, the structure of the novel locks the audience into an infinite loop of suffering and resolution that they must relive in order to reach an understanding.

After Hal’s introduction, a series of minor characters are introduced. Characters such as Ken Erdedy, Kate Gompert, and the Saudi prince reveal the nature of the society depicted in the novel. In this society, overindulgence is a common way to deal with the pressures of modern living. Ken describes his elaborate routine for binge smoking marijuana while Kate extends this idea to incorporate her depression. She is also addicted to marijuana, but she at least realizes that part of her addiction is motivated by her lack of investment in modern existence. Meanwhile, the Saudi prince eats nothing but expensive foreign chocolate and must be doted upon at all times by a medical attaché rather than change his eating habits. The characters seek out instant gratification in the shape of food or drugs. These addictions become overwhelming because they provide an immediate sense of relief and satisfaction that mere existence can no longer provide. Whether through marijuana or chocolate, the characters indulge themselves to fill a hollow space in their lives that they otherwise do not understand.

As well as the overindulgence of the characters in the opening sections of the novel, there is a general and haunting sense of passiveness. Characters depend on technology not only to stimulate their depressed minds but to provide functions that they cannot be bothered to provide for themselves. The medical attaché sits in front of a television screen each night, demanding that his wife cater to his every whim. When he is left alone for one night, he is so unable to deal with anything that he immediately watches a tape that causes him to lose his mind. Ken’s greatest fantasy is to completely separate from his life for a week and spend days staring at a screen while eating junk food and taking so many drugs that he can barely think straight. The characters crave a passive, unengaged existence because they do not want to spend a single minute thinking about the terrible emptiness of their lives.

The constant use of endnotes is one of the signature aspects of Infinite Jest. The endnotes are almost 20% as long as the novel itself and contain information that is vital to the main narrative. The endnotes become a way for the novel to express the infinite complexity and nuance of life. Despite the main narrative being long and complex already, shifting some of the story into the endnotes shows the audience that life is ever yet more complex than they might initially have imagined. The subtleties and nuances contained in these endnotes add depth to a world that is almost encyclopedic in its depiction of existence. At the same time, they lend the novel an almost academic air and help the tone of the text to ape the pretense that Infinite Jest is a dry, scholarly work. In effect, the endnotes both add to the world while showing the audience that no novel could ever hope to reduce the totality of existence into a book. Ironically, the endnotes exist to mock their own purpose. 

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