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40 pages 1 hour read

Andrew Sean Greer

Less Is Lost

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2022

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Part 3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3 Summary: “Southeast”

Arthur drives alone through the South. The Last Word Theatre Troupe is touring the South with a performance of one of Arthur’s short stories. The troupe leader, Dorothy, invites Arthur to meet them in Louisiana, where the troupe is based. Arthur passes through Texas. In Louisiana, people start noticing that he looks and speaks differently than them, asking if he’s from Europe. Arthur intuits that questions about where he's from or how he speaks is a subconscious way of wondering if Arthur is gay. Arthur shaves his face to a handlebar moustache and buys clothes that he believes make him blend with the rural culture so no one will suspect he’s gay or from somewhere else.

Arthur needs to read several books for the Prize committee, but he can’t get into any of them, nor is he writing his own work. He’s been carefully observing the world around him.

When he reaches Louisiana, Dorothy is thrilled that he’s in a van because the troupe needs help transporting their set. She introduces him to her husband Vlad and the rest of the troupe: mostly women, one man. Thomas, an actor, asks Arthur what it was like growing up gay in Delaware and feeling that he wasn’t meant to be loved. Arthur is stunned that Thomas understands his story so well and that he correctly interpreted it as a fictionalization of Arthur’s own experiences.

Arthur helps the troupe drive the set to their first tour destination: Natchez. Arthur watches out for his father in the audience, but Lawrence in not in attendance. Arthur is happy to discover that the stage adaptation of his short story is a musical. In the story, a child version of Arthur—Archie—waits for his father to attend his recital, but ultimately accepts that his father will never come.

Dorothy takes Arthur to a bar, where the women all dance the same moves. Watching them, he is reminded of his mother dancing with him as a child in their kitchen.

On the phone, Rebecca tells Arthur that she’s inherited their grandmother’s shaky hands. She tells him that she’s been feeling terrified since the divorce, and the fear manifests in her hands. Arthur is moved because he also feels acute terror at many things—big and small.

As Arthur travels with the troupe, he thinks about the history of the region and historical figures long gone. He keeps meeting people who ask him where in Europe he’s from.

In Muscle Shoals, Alabama, Arthur’s father again does not show up at the performance. Thomas invites Arthur to a party but Arthur declines, as feels lonely and awkward around him. Arthur goes alone to a bar where he feels safe, “[n]ot in spite of but because he is so out of place” (143). The people in the bar are delighted by Dolly. One of the men asks Arthur what it’s like to be gay, revealing that Arthur’s disguise is not working.

Arthur attends the Prize committee meeting after missing the last few. They debate a novel with a gay love story; Finley declares it’s not a good example of how to write about queer life. Arthur’s agent calls and books him on a lecture tour of the East Coast, starting in Delaware. Arthur calls Freddy with the good news: After the lecture tour, he’ll have enough money to pay off the debt on the shack. Freddy is going to an island off the coast of Maine for a new writing project, so he’ll be out of touch with Arthur. Arthur worries that Freddy will leave him.

At the next venue for the theater troupe, Arthur’s father again is not in attendance. Arthur feels foolish for expecting anything different from the man who left him long ago.

Arthur takes a tour of a Southern plantation. At the troupe’s performance, Dorothy hosts a Q&A with Arthur. An audience member asks him for his life philosophy and Arthur responds, “Know no no” (45).

Arthur’s father is in attendance. Meeting again after decades, Arthur is surprised that he isn’t angry at Lawrence, nor is he particularly happy to see him. Lawrence Less now lives with his girlfriend Wanda. They invite him to stay the night with them. Lawrence tells Arthur that he’s dying of stage four cancer. Arthur realizes that he “could almost have it both ways—you could forgive this Larry… forgive him and let him die forgiven. And still never forgive the one who left” (168).

The troupe hosts a party for Arthur, where he receives his money. They want him to take a picture with the benefactor, implying that his father was not the financier of the show. Arthur doesn’t have a chance to meet them. Instead, he receives an urgent message from Mandern who has sent someone to bring Dolly back to Palm Springs. Arthur drives off in the rain without saying goodbye to Dorothy or to Thomas, who has been trying to sleep with him.

Arthur drives to the entrance of the island his father lives on, but he’s not allowed to enter with the van, nor can he park the van in two nearby RV parks. His father drives out to say goodbye. They both know it’s the last time they’ll see each other. Lawrence tells Arthur it’s time for forgiveness and when Arthur agrees, Lawrence tells him he forgives him.

Arthur finds another park for his van but is warned that Hurricane Herman is coming in quickly. Arthur takes cover in his van as the hurricane whisks away the suit he had drying outside and the theater’s sets of his childhood home. Arthur thinks it fitting that he might die in this hurricane. When the eye of the hurricane arrives, Arthur opens the van to look up into the sky.

Part 3 Analysis

In Part 3, Arthur develops a disguise in the face of what he believes will be a homophobic experience. He doesn’t feel comfortable being gay in certain Southern states, but the disguise is a caricature of what Arthur imagines a heterosexual Southern man to be like. Arthur battles stereotype with stereotype, falling into the entrapment of preconception. The lack of affinity and understanding between Arthur and Southern culture exemplifies the social-political divide in America, in which more conservative states feel misunderstood by liberal areas of the country, and vice versa.

Arthur’s disguise doesn’t work because being accepted as a caricature means not fitting in at all. While Arthur’s fear of Southern conservative homophobia may be well-founded based on tense politics around gay marriage, trans rights, and the battle between American religion and sexuality, Greer celebrates that the world is kinder than we expect. Arthur can sense that people subconsciously intuit his sexuality, such as when asking where in Europe he’s from. Yet generally, everyone is welcoming. Arthur, accustomed to hiding parts of his identity, learns that he can be accepted as himself. The question becomes: Who is Arthur Less? Despite his age, he's still figuring this out, emphasizing Greer’s message that we’re all in constant development, as well as the importance of Authenticity and Self-Acceptance

These chapters are about interpretation and adaptation. There is the interpretation of Arthur’s sexuality, and the literal adaptation of Arthur’s short story into a staged musical. The adaptation signals that Arthur’s literary fame, though minor, is still significant. It also gives Arthur the opportunity to reflect on his autobiographical story from the outside. He becomes witness to his tension with Lawrence, giving him new insight and closure over the past. The troupe’s sensitive approach to his story and the way in which Thomas sees to Arthur’s heart makes Arthur feel seen and heard.

The stage performance is another example of metafiction. Just as the absentee father doesn’t show up to Archie’s recital, Arthur’s father does not show up to several performances. Arthur is finally reunited with Lawrence, who, through the play, is confronted with Arthur’s feelings about him. Arthur is surprised to discover that he feels indifferent about Lawrence. Indifference signals the absence of love; even hate demonstrates more feeling. Arthur is thrown another curve ball when his father says that he forgives him. Presumably, Lawrence is referencing the way Arthur interpreted him in his short story. This forces Arthur to reckon with the fact that people live in their own myths and have their own interpretations of how they have impacted other people. Ultimately, Arthur accepts this version of reality; he simply has no other choice. He also realizes that forgiving his father now does not mean exonerating the man his father was in the past, the person who abandoned him.

Much of Arthur’s life is informed by fear. He is afraid of traveling, of being in new situations, even of being around people he already knows. His sister’s newfound fear parallels this. Rebecca has developed a tremor in her hand, a physical manifestation of the anxiety she now experiences on the heels of her divorce. Arthur and Rebecca support one another through their fears, emphasizing The Power of Love and Choice, and Greer’s message that love and other people are crucial to one’s wellbeing.

Throughout Part 3, Arthur experiences flashbacks of the past. This reflects his aging and nostalgia, whether good or bad. He has painful memories from his childhood and young adulthood. It has taken Arthur many years to find any level of comfort with himself, success in his career, and trust in his relationships. Robert’s death takes a major psychological toll on him. Losing him is like the loss of a dynasty; Robert and Lawrence Less were Arthur’s last links to what used to be. However, it is difficult, if not impossible, to truly release the past. Greer points out that Arthur must live more in the moment, which he eventually begins to. Arthur finally starts paying attention. He doesn’t write or read; he simply observes the world around him.

Arthur starts feeling positive about his future, though his fear does not completely dissolve. He embodies the manifesto he learned in Amrbogio: “Know no no:” He embraces new opportunities, comes to terms with traveling alone, and feels hope that his future is bright. This proves the value of saying yes instead of boxing oneself into a world of no’s. Arthur is by nature someone who rejects opportunities, but opportunities keep knocking for him. Though Arthur hasn’t changed completely, he has grown considerably.

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By Andrew Sean Greer