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49 pages 1 hour read

Nino Ricci

Lives of the Saints

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1990

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Chapters 21-26Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 21 Summary

Vittorio recalls what he knows about America. His great-grandfather in the 1890s left Valle del Sole and ended up in New York until he disappeared. Over time, more and more people from Valle del Sole left for America. However, it “had remained a mythical place” (167) for many town residents and there are many rumors about it.

Cristina remains in Rome for a week. She returns with a passport for herself and Vittorio along with tickets to Halifax, the capital of Nova Scotia, in Canada. Vittorio and Cristina quickly pack to leave. They move Vittorio’s grandfather to Zia Lucia’s house. Vittorio is somewhat dazed in the days before their departure.

Chapter 22 Summary

Before they leave, Fabrizio comes to see Vittorio. He tells Vittorio that his father doesn’t want to send him to school anymore and that he got fired from the farm near Rocca Secca for throwing a stone at a rat and making a hole in a bag of wheat. He says he doesn’t mind being taken out of school because he disliked the teacher.

He gives Vittorio a cigarette and asks Vittorio to write him from America. He makes Vittorio promise to write. He has them seal the promise by licking each other’s spit from their palms. Then, he gives Vittorio his jack-knife. He says he will get it back from Vittorio when he comes to America.

Fabrizio gets up and walks away. Vittorio calls out to him to give Fabrizio his lucky lira, but Fabrizio continues walking away whilst calling his address to Vittorio.

Chapter 23 Summary

On Vittorio’s last day of school, the teacher tells him to wait after class. Antonio Girasole is sweeping, but the teacher tells him to leave. After Antonio has left, the teacher hugs Vittorio and cries. Then, she gives him her copy of Lives of the Saints. She tells Vittorio that she had a baby who died, but had he lived he would be about Vittorio’s age. Vittorio is shocked to learn that la maestra is a person as well as a teacher. She tells Vittorio to write her a letter from America and she writes her address on the front page of the book. She kisses him on the forehead and wishes him good luck.

Chapter 24 Summary

The night before Vittorio and Cristina leave, Vittorio’s grandfather gives him his army medals. He tells them that they are all he “got for a wasted life” (181). Vittorio’s grandfather tells Vittorio that he wishes he had died in World War I. Vittorio’s grandfather says he will be leaving the house to Vittorio when he dies because his daughter betrayed him. He is emotional as he says this. He tells Vittorio that he hopes the medals will “bring [him] better fortune than they brought [his grandfather]” (182).

Chapter 25 Summary

The next morning, Vittorio and Cristina get ready to leave Valle del Sole. It is a rainy, cold morning. They eat with Zia Lucia and Marta. Cristina brings Vittorio’s grandfather breakfast, but he does not speak to her.

Some townspeople and family members arrive to see them off. Giuseppina tries to give Cristina a package to bring to her husband’s cousin, but Cristina refuses. She says, “Three months ago, if I’d gone, not one of you would have come to see me off. I don’t know why it should be different now” (185). Giuseppina is offended and leaves. Mario’s brother Pasquale arrives. He says Mario didn’t tell him that they were joining him in America. He gives Cristina a shirt for Mario from their mother.

Eventually, Cazzingulo, the bus driver, arrives. Cristina tells Vittorio to go say goodbye to his grandfather. Quietly, Pasquale says he knows that Cristina is not going to meet up with Mario in America. Vittorio goes in to see his grandfather and when he walks out of his grandfather’s bedroom, Pasquale has left. Then, Cristina goes into Vittorio’s grandfather’s bedroom. They hear them arguing and Vittorio’s grandfather tells Cristina to leave and never come back.

Cristina walks up to the cab of the modified truck and is about to get in, but then she turns and addresses the assembled villagers watching her leave. She shouts that they are “fools” and that she hopes “God wipes this town and all its stupidities off the face of the earth!” (190). Then she gets in the truck cab and Cazzingulo drives them away from Valle del Sole to Rocca Secca.

Chapter 26 Summary

Cristina and Vittorio get on a bus to Napoli from Rocca Secca. Cristina cries quietly during the bus ride. They spend the night at a hotel in Napoli. Early the next morning, they take a taxi to the docks. They leave their trunk with a porter. Cristina asks a policeman where they board. When he sees she is pregnant, he carries her suitcase to the gangplank for her.

The line on the gangplank to board moves slowly because a man is trying to board with his live chicken, which escapes and flies around the deck. Cristina thinks the scene is hilarious. As they wait, a man, who introduces himself as Antonio Darcangelo, third mate, offers to carry Cristina’s luggage to their cabin. He helps them skip the line to board. When he learns that they are staying in a third-class cabin, he suggests instead that she stay in a vacant second-class cabin because she is pregnant.

Darcangelo takes them to meet the captain, who has kept the second-class cabin vacant for his “friend” who will not be on this journey (199). The captain asks where Cristina’s husband is. She replies that he has been in Canada for a few years and that the baby, due in about six weeks, will be a “surprise” (201). The captain agrees to give them second-class cabin 213 and says that Officer Darcangelo will be available to assist Cristina and Vittorio.

Chapters 21-26 Analysis

While throughout Lives of the Saints Cristina’s dilemma has represented the conflict of Traditional Values Versus Personal Freedom, this section of the novel most clearly articulates this theme. Her decision to go to North America, not to rejoin her husband Mario who has been there for four years, but to instead pursue her own fortune, perhaps even with her unknown and unnamed lover, is itself radical. While men or families routinely leave the village to go to America, it is unusual for a single woman, heavily pregnant, to undertake such a voyage on her own.

The way that the villagers have shunned her both for her snakebite and her out-of-wedlock pregnancy have led her to make this decision. The increasing conflict she has with her father and the limited opportunities in the village for an educated woman, as well as the way that her isolation impacts Vittorio, also contribute to this decision. In her final speech to the village—the longest piece of dialogue Cristina has in the entire text—she explains her reasoning clearly:

‘Fools!’ she shouted now. ‘You tried to kill me but you see I’m still alive. And now you came to watch me hang, but I won’t be hanged, not by your stupid rules and superstitions […] not one of you know what it means to be free and to make a choice’ (190).

Throughout, Cristina has openly scorned The Influence of Superstition and Myth. In this diatribe, she emphasizes how ridiculous she finds this way of being because it contributes to petty, nonsensical grievances that lead to the ostracization of those who do not conform to the traditional values or ideas of the villagers. In deciding to emigrate to Canada despite her father’s fury and the risks inherent in the move, Cristina chooses once and for all to commit to living her life on her own terms.

Despite his mother’s hatred of these superstitions, in Chapters 22, 23, and 24 each of the most important people in Vittorio’s life give him a token that they hope will give him luck and good fortune. Fabrizio gives him his jackknife and wishes him “Buona fortuna in America (175), or “Good luck in America.” La maestra gives Vittorio her edition of Lives of the Saints (See: Symbols & Motifs) and likewise wishes him “Buona fortuna (179). Vittorio’s grandfather gives Vittorio his military medals, saying, “I hope they bring you better fortune than they brought me” (182). In each of these cases, simple objects are imbued with meaning and a hope that they will improve Vittorio’s fate.

These superstitious tokens given to Vittorio before his voyage reinforce the sense that, for Vittorio, as for many of the villagers, America is a somewhat mythical place. Although he acknowledges the realistic horror stories about life in America such as “stories of sooty factories and back-breaking work and poor wages” (167), there is also a version of America that is “more a state of mind than a place, a paradise that shimmered just beneath the surface of the seen” (167). Vittorio draws a connection between this mythic, contradictory duality of American with other myths he is familiar with, like that of “la strega of Belmonte” who is “both a decrepit old woman and a witch” (168). In a sense, by leaving for America with his mother, Vittorio is becoming part of a myth himself.

Indeed, even his ultimate destination on the other side of the sea remains somewhat obscure to him. “America” refers to the entire continent, both North and South. When he learns that they are going to Halifax, the country name of Canada never comes up. Instead, his mother simply says, “America is a big place” (169). For a child like Vittorio, who has never gone farther than the next market town, this geography is literally unimaginable and, therefore, ultimately mythic.

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