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54 pages 1 hour read

Alan Brennert

Moloka'i

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2003

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Part 4, Chapters 17-EndnoteChapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 4: “Ohana”

Part 4, Chapter 17 Summary: “1928-29”

As Rachel walks with her dogs to the beach to deal with her neuritis, she meets a young surfer, who describes his surfboard, which is hollow and has a fin for steering. Returning home, she waits for Kenji to wake up. His right eye, affected by leprosy, stays permanently half-open and half-closed. He heads to the Kalaupapa Store, which he has managed the last five years, and, although Rachel normally helps him, she goes to Bishop Home on Thursday.

Catherine tells Rachel that her sister Polly has died, and Catherine rebuffs Rachel’s suggestion that she visit her surviving brother. She leaves Bishop Home, returning to the store to see Kenji. The next day Rachel and Kenji go to the landing to pick up the supplies from the SS Hawaii for the store. Rachel discusses the rations with Diedrichson, a clerk from the superintendent’s office, and she criticizes the lack of variety. He implies he can help her personally if she will become intimate with him. Rebuffing him, Rachel opens a box of combs from the steamer addressed to her. As she puts away the combs later, she and Kenji wonder about their daughter. Rachel fills in for Kenji later in the week because he has a fever, and Diedrichson again propositions Rachel, offering her chocolates and other delicacies. He attempts to sexually assault her, but she escapes and reports him to the Superintendent. Her complaint goes unanswered, and six months later, Diedrichson and a 16-year-old resident of Bishop Home are found together.

Rachel meets Lawrence McCully Judd, a senator, and Rachel takes him on a tour, showing him the lack of hygienic spaces around Kalaupapa and the dilapidated state of the buildings. He offers to help. Catherine goes home to Ithaca, where she meets her brother and his wife, seeing his children for the first time.

Part 4, Chapter 18 Summary: “1931-33”

A group of visiting dignitaries, including now Governor Judd, visit Kalaupapa, assessing the condition of the settlement. Judd gives a speech where he outlines the improvements that the government has made and those planned for the future, including sewer lines, garbage trucks, and fire hydrants. Judd inaugurates the new power station, which supplies electricity to every building and house in Kalaupapa.

Rachel drives to Kalawao where she tends to Haleola’s and Keo’s graves and meets Hokea, who paints. At the doctor’s, Rachel supplies another skin sample for testing, getting closer to temporary release. Rachel and Kenji meet David Kamakau, a new arrival, who also attended St. Louis College. He and Kenji discuss economics, news, and politics, and Rachel feels inferior in light of their knowledge.

The new doctor visits Kenji at his store, and he tells Kenji that Rachel’s skin came back positive, but his did not, so Kenji qualifies for temporary release. He turns down temporary release, later telling Rachel that they both tested positive.

Part 4, Chapter 19 Summary: “1941-43”

An American sailor, Gabriel Tyler Crossen, arrives at Kalaupapa, sick and angry that he has been exiled. He moves next door to Kenji and Rachel, getting his own residence. While they exchange pleasantries, Crossen remains cold, only coming to the store for cigarettes and beer. Brady, a fellow American from California, tries to justify Crossen’s cold demeanor, explaining that he blames a Chinese prostitute for his leprosy. News of the attack on Pearl Harbor reaches Kalaupapa, and the residents follow the government’s directive that night, eating and living in darkness, while the authorities activate martial law.

The government begins to route more children with leprosy to Kalaupapa, after years of keeping children at Kalihi. The residents shower the children with attention, and Rachel explains the legends and gods of Hawai’i after they ask if she has comic books.

Crossen’s mood continues to worsen after Pearl Harbor and Felicia, his girlfriend, bears the brunt of his anger, as he becomes drunk and physically assaults her. Kenji and Rachel hear screams and noises and call the cops. They arrest him for various offenses, including drunkenness, and, after he returns home, he continues to drink, only with more discretion.

After hearing Felicia scream again, Kenji goes to Crossen’s house and defends Felicia, attacking Crossen. Crossen begins to beat Kenji, until Rachel intervenes. Seeing Rachel hurt by Crossen enrages Kenji who defends his wife. Crossen beats Kenji until he falls on a door jamb, killing him.

Part 4, Chapter 20 Summary: “1943-48”

Rachel holds a wake for Kenji at the one-room Buddhist temple in Kalaupapa, and the attendees fill the room. Mourners share their memories of Kenji, before Rachel speaks to the crowd. She touches Kenji’s fingers in the casket, and she kisses him, before his casket is lowered into the ground.

Leaving the funeral, she heads to Papaola Beach, joined by Catherine. While Rachel tries to get Catherine to leave, she stays, and they discuss grief. Catherine offers to stay with Rachel, and Rachel refuses her—a decision she regrets when she’s alone in her house with only memories of Kenji. The next morning, she walks next door to Crossen’s house, and she cleans the signs of Kenji’s murder, including the glass and the blood from Kenji and Felicia.

Crossen stands trial for Kenji’s murder, and, because martial law remains in effect, the trial takes the form of a court martial. Rachel testifies and faces a hostile cross examination. Rachel worries Crossen will not face justice, but he receives a sentence of thirty-five years. Kalaupapa doesn’t have a suitable prison, so Crossen remains at Bay View Home, which Rachel then studiously avoids.

Rachel’s symptoms worsen, and her leprosy begins to manifest in tumors on her skin and her nose. A tsunami strikes Hawai’i in April 1946 and the damage to Kalaupapa is extensive; the lighthouse survives the onslaught and the rest of Moloka’i escapes the damage other islands face.

After the tsunami, Rachel is prescribed a new sulfa antibiotic that reverses the recent progress of her disease, returning her face to its previous state. She welcomes Judd back to the island, who notes their progress with leprosy, regretting some of the measures the government took isolating the residents over the decades. Rachel receives parole, and, before she flies to O’ahu, she visits Crossen and tells him he will spend his life in prison, even if his leprosy improves. His body is later found floating in the water, and only two people, including the priest, attend his funeral.

Part 4, Chapter 21 Summary

Rachel flies to Honolulu, shocked by the changes to her birthplace. Her childhood home no longer stands, and much of the natural features of the city no longer remain. She gets lost trying to find the beach, taking a bus then a trolley, before she asks for directions. Walking to the Royal Hawaiian Hotel, Rachel rents the cheapest room, for a price Rachel still finds expensive. At the luxury hotel, she gets ready for dinner, going to the Monarch Room, where she orders two main dishes and three vegetables. Although she knows she overordered, Rachel admits that it’s the best meal she’s ever had.

Recognizing that she cannot afford the hotel for too long, she searches for an apartment, but her lack of rental history and her leprosy make finding one almost impossible. She finds an overpriced one-room apartment to rent and pays three months in advance. Going to the grocery store, Rachel becomes overwhelmed by the number of options.

Over the next few days, Rachel orders her sister’s wedding certificate to discover her new last name and makes an appointment to petition a judge to open Ruth’s adoption records. She tracks down her father’s sister Florence, and her aunt recognizes Rachel when she visits. She asks Rachel to leave, worried about the shame of having a relative with leprosy, which she had experienced decades before. Rachel gets Sarah’s marriage certificate in the mail and musters the courage to call her. Hanging up when Sarah answers, Rachel decides to visit her in Maui. After a flight there and an expensive taxi ride, Rachel sees Sarah for the first time in decades. Shocked and ecstatic to see her sister alive, Sarah invites Rachel in and tells her what has happened to their brothers and mother. According to Sarah, Kimo never sold shoes; he developed symptoms of leprosy. Dorothy sent Ben and Sarah to live with relatives on Maui and she moved near Kula with Kimo, hiding him for a year until he died. She buried him in the jungle. Sarah shows Rachel their mother’s grave.

Part 4, Chapter 22 Summary

Sarah and Rachel shop together during their visit, going to Lahaina, which reminds Rachel of the Honolulu of her memories. Rachel tries to point out landmarks of Hawaii’s legendary past, but Sarah’s devout faith makes her resistant to Rachel’s story. Rachel remains on Maui for ten days, visiting Sarah, until Sarah invites her to stay permanently. Rachel considers it and asks Sarah to take her to Kula, where they find Kimo’s grave, marked by a cross with his Hawaiian, rather than Christian name.

At the hearing to unseal Ruth’s adoption records, Rachel answers the judge’s questions, and, while she waits for an answer, she looks for work. Rachel gets a job at a gift shop as a cashier and works a few weeks until a customer seemingly notices her right hand and its signs of leprosy. She loses her job soon after. After she’s notified that the judge will rule on her request, Rachel comes to the court on the appointed date, her petition is granted and she gains access to the records. Rachel asks around Honolulu before asking for Catherine’s help, who writes to another nun. Finally, Rachel receives a letter from Ruth’s adopted father addressed to Sister Mary Louisa that includes Ruth’s childhood address in California. She writes several drafts of a letter before finally drafting a complete letter.

Ruth calls Rachel in August, and they talk briefly. Shocked at the news that her mother has leprosy, Ruth asks for time to consider Rachel’s request to meet. Ruth calls back days later, and apologizes, as they make plans to meet. Rachel flies to San Francisco, and Ruth meets Rachel at her hotel. They catch up, and Rachel meets Ruth’s husband and her children Donald and Peggy. Ruth eventually shares that her family was sent to a Japanese concentration camp, and they lost all their possessions and property. Still angry from her imprisonment, Ruth discusses the death of her father in a maximum-security facility, and Rachel cries. Returning to Honolulu, having met Ruth’s family and forged a connection with her, Rachel moves in with her sister.

Part 4, Endnote Summary: “1970”

Ruth and Peggy fly to Moloka’i to attend Rachel’s funeral. After they land, they meet Hokea, who shows them around. He takes them to his house, where he’s storing Rachel’s possessions. Ruth and Hokea discuss Rachel’s decision to return to Moloka’i as she got sick recently. At Hokea’s house, Ruth and Peggy find an old doll made by Henry decades before. At the funeral, Ruth speaks of her love for Rachel and her grief, before leading the attendees in a Hawaiian chant to the ancestors. Ruth and Peggy leave poi, the doll, and the dress Rachel wore the day she met Ruth in California in her coffin. After she’s buried, Ruth and Peggy hold hands and sit in front of her parents’ graves under the “blue vault of the sky” (384).

Part 4, Chapters 17-Endnote Analysis

Water again becomes central for Rachel in this section as her life spirals in different directions and is pulled by unseen currents and riptides. The most obvious symbol of this physical and emotional chaos is the tsunami and its subsequent damage. Rachel admits that “her grief was still vast, and her anger so fierce and raw it frightened her” (304). Her grief, like the tsunami, struggles against her control, threatening to break free when she sees or thinks about Crossen and how he murdered her husband. The tsunami also serves as symbol for the repetition of grief, beginning with and following Kenji’s death, and it embodies the destructive force of change and emotions that face Rachel. There is even a moment when Rachel contemplates giving in to the destructive force of the water, considering death by suicide. The tsunami with its raw power demonstrates how grief and pain overwhelm and submerge Rachel, even as her leprosy abates, and she returns to Honolulu in search of a new life. As she arrives to a much-changed Honolulu and enjoys the reunion she engineers with Sarah, she struggles with letting the past go, specifically as its effects mark her just as the tsunami has marked the land. Rachel survives each wave of grief, and, somehow, she continues to face each obstacle, rebuilding each time, just as Moloka’i and the other islands do.

Rachel sees again that the beach’s beauty and its serenity hides a raw, primal force, and the uneasy union between joy and grief hides in the waves. After Rachel reunites with her daughter, Ruth, she sees again this terrible combination, as Ruth explains how she and her family were detained at a Japanese concentration camp in California. In the midst of her joyous reunion, sadness swirls beneath the surface, and Rachel grieves for Ruth’s inescapable fate: avoiding containment in Moloka’i, only to face it in California. Her feelings burst forth, like the tsunami of 1946, and “the emotions that had been building up inside her finally venting: pain, horror, despair, anger, all fused into one terrible alloy” (370). The force of these emotions and the aftermath demonstrate Rachel’s connection to water. Indeed, she compares herself to “little more than a broken vessel, ruptured by sorrow, released of grief” (370). As a vessel, she contains—as much as she can—her emotions and grief. Rachel, dismissing herself as broken, doesn’t see that that is rather like the sand on the shore, polished and smooth as it endures the back and forth of the waves.

Water, both as a giver of life and a destructive force beyond measure, encapsulates how grief characterizes not only Rachel’s life but also Catherine’s. Having lost her mother earlier and then her sister, Catherine decides to visit home, staying with her brother Jack and his family experiencing the calm of Ithaca and the serenity of Cayuga Lake, so unlike the island of Moloka’i. She experiences great calm as “she [lies] in bed in her old room, feeling happy and at peace, the ghosts from whom she had fled to Hawai’i having somehow been put to rest, either by time or by the sheer exuberance of Jack’s family” (272). She is tempted to stay. But the pull of the ocean waves, like the powerful force of the tsunami, pulls her out to Hawai’i again. These waves, sometimes calm and sometimes violent, punctuate Rachel’s and Catherine’s time at Moloka’i, and even give Ruth and her daughter, Peggy, some measure of peace after Rachel’s death. There, following her funeral, under the “blue vault of the sky,” mother and daughter watch the “waves rolling in from afar to break gently on the peaceful shore” (384) just as they did for Catherine and Rachel decades earlier.

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