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44 pages 1 hour read

Debby Dahl Edwardson

My Name Is Not Easy

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2011

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Parts 2-3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 2: “The Day the Soldiers Came (1961-1962)” - Part 3: “When the Time Comes (1962-1963)”

Part 2, Chapter 1 Summary: “Rose Hips and Chamomile (September 1961) – Donna”

Donna works in the garden with Sister Sarah. Donna appreciates Sister Sarah’s quietude and seriousness. Donna recalls the nun she thought was her mother, Sister Ann, and notes that in Sister Ann’s absence, Donna hasn’t let anyone else to get close to her emotionally. Sister Mary Kate interrupts their gardening with the news that someone found a dead moose on the side of the road. She tasks Sister Mary Kate with dressing out the carcass for meat for the school. Sister Mary Kate doesn’t know how to dress a carcass. While Sister Sarah calmly collects chamomile flowers, she recommends that Sister Mary Kate find the Aaluk brothers, Luke and Bunna, to help her and further suggests that she take Donna along.

Part 2, Chapter 2 Summary: “Burnt Offerings (September 1961) – Luke”

Mail arrives for the students. One student named Junior gets the best mail because it is not even letters; he receives tapes of people from back home talking to him. Junior then tapes his own stories over these voices to send back home.

The nuns enlist Luke and Bunna in skinning the dead moose and harvesting its meat. The fact that they have never seen a moose before does not occur to the nuns and priests, who assume that Luke and Bunna are good hunters and skinners because of where they are from. Luke and Bunna pretend that they know what they are doing for the sake of their survival and resilience. On the bus ride to the dead moose, Luke finds Father Mullen’s mailbag and a letter addressed to Luke, already opened. Luke slips the letter into his pocket.

Luke skins open the moose and starts to remove the organs. He has seen his uncle do this on caribou and tries to imitate those movements, pretending he knows what he’s doing. Luke successfully strips the moose and cuts its meat; the entire school eats moose meat later that night. Father Mullen distributes the mail and Amiq shows Luke a newspaper clipping of Luke’s uncle Joe at the signing of a paper for the Game Law Revolt. Luke reads the letter he hid in his pocket. It is from Isaac, who writes about a tree and how his father will build a treehouse. Isaac asks Luke why he never responds to his letters. Though there is no return address, Luke can see from the stamp that Isaac is in Dallas, Texas.

Part 2, Chapter 3 Summary: “Military Trash (March 1962) – Chickie”

Chickie and a bunch of the boys go to a baseball game with a rival Catholic school, in which Sonny and Amiq are champion players. On the way back, their dilapidated military-issue bus breaks down. Chickie narrates everything that is going on in the diary her father gave her. The boys tease her about the diary, except for Junior, whom Chickie likes because he does not fight, and he is kind.

Part 2, Chapter 4 Summary: “The Day the Soldiers Came (April 5, 1962, 8:00 A.M.) – Luke”

Soldiers arrive at Sacred Heart School. Luke, Bunna, and Amiq are among the many Indigenous children selected to meet with the military for some testing. A military doctor explains to Luke that they are studying Native Americans from cold climates to figure out how to train soldiers to survive in the Arctic cold. The military scientists, with the approval of the school, forces Luke to drink iodine-131 so researchers can examine his internal organs with their machines. Luke sees Amiq in the testing line and tells him about the iodine. Amiq looks panicked. He does not show up to class after the testing. When the boys ask Father Flanagan if Sacred Heart got the kids’ parent’s permission for the military testing, Father Flanagan tells the students that Sacred Heart and the church function as their parents now.

Part 2, Chapter 5 Summary: “The Meanest Heathens (April 5, 1962, 8:00 A.M.) – Sonny and Amiq”

Before the military testing, a tall white student named O’Shay and Sonny give the soldiers a tour of the school. The general is impressed with Sonny for being personable and useful to the school, despite being a Native American. He is also happy to meet O’Shay, whose father is an attorney.

Sonny sees a frightened Amiq trying to hide from the line of military testing. Despite their feud, Sonny understands Amiq’s fear. When the general approaches Amiq, asking him if he is one of the Eskimos, Sonny steps forward and informs the general that Amiq is his brother. The general lets them go, and Amiq brings Sonny to the Eskimo hideout spot in the forest. Sonny and Amiq laugh at the general for so easily believing that two Indigenous kids who look nothing alike could be twin brothers. Amiq explains that he wanted to avoid the testing because he does not trust scientists. Amiq grew up in Barrow, where the Naval Arctic Research Lab is located. After Amiq’s mother and siblings died in a house fire, Amiq spent a lot of time at the Lab, mostly against his will. Moved by his story, Sonny shares that his father died in the war. The Lab funds Amiq’s education at Sacred Heart, hoping he will return and work as a scientist with them.

Amiq and Sonny sneak back into the school, but Father Mullen catches them. Father Mullen beats them with his paddle as he utters slurs about Native Americans and their families. He tells them all Native Americans are destined for Hell. Sonny and Amiq take the abuse but individually resolve to avenge their pride and the honor of their families.

Part 3, Chapter 1 Summary: “Coupons and Bomb Shelters (December 1962) – Chickie”

At Sacred Heart, the students undergo drills to prepare for an atomic bomb attack from Russia. Evelyn, Donna, Rose, and Chickie read a Life magazine together, admiring photographs of Elvis Presley. They see an ad that says that they can win a car with Betty Crocker coupons. Bunna overhears them talking about the competition, and he convinces the teachers at the school to have the students write letters to random people, asking them to help with coupons that can benefit Sacred Heart School. Chickie is annoyed that Bunna co-opted her idea and that he pretends to write numerous letters. Bunna frequently annoys Chickie. He teases her, nicknames her Snowbird, and picks on her. Chickie suddenly changes her mind about Bunna when she stares into his eyes, which she realizes are beautiful. She also realizes that he likes her and that she likes him.

Part 3, Chapter 2 Summary: “Our Uncle’s Gun (June 6, 1963) – Luke”

Luke has a vivid and ominous dream the night before he and Bunna are to return home for the summer. When Luke wakes up, he knows with absolute certainty that he and Bunna cannot go home. Luke cannot explain why they must stay at Sacred Heart, but his sense of foreboding is an intense knowledge. He is not sure if he cannot explain this knowledge because he now speaks more English than Iñupiaq or if there are no words in either language to describe his dream or his feelings about it. Bunna refuses to stay at the school. Luke and Bunna fight over their uncle’s gun. Bunna lets Luke keep the gun with him, while Luke knows he cannot prevent Bunna from leaving.

Part 3, Chapter 3 Summary: “Eskimo Kiss (June 7, 1963) – Chickie”

The Sacred Heart letter campaign works: they collect enough Betty Crocker coupons to win a new school bus to replace their old military bus. Chickie boards the old military bus one more time for her transportation to the airport. She notes that Sonny, Donna, and Luke are staying behind. Luke packs his gun in the trunk for Bunna. Chickie looks behind her to see Luke pack the gun, and when she turns around, she accidentally smacks her face into Bunna’s. Rose calls it an Eskimo kiss and Chickie is embarrassed. Michael O’Shay asks Chickie where she is really from, not believing that a white girl could be from Alaska. Bunna stands up for her. When they stop for gas, Bunna and Chickie walk around and look at the constellations. Bunna and Chickie kiss, then hold hands on the bus to the airport.

Part 3, Chapter 4 Summary: “Forever (June 15, 1963) – Luke”

Luke knows that something is wrong when Father Flanagan and Sister Mary Kate speak in whispers, looking over at him. Luke’s premonition that something bad would happen if he left Sacred Heart comes true. The airplane that Bunna was on for his return trip home crashed. Bunna is dead. Luke is bereft, in grief, and angry at the world for taking away his family, his beloved brothers, and a piece of his own life and personhood.

Parts 2-3 Analysis

As the students settle into life at the school and get to know one another more, this section provides glimpses of the students’ backgrounds. This adds texture and layers to each of the characters. Luke and Bunna’s Uncle Joe is active in advocating for Eskimo civil rights, which is described in the newspaper clipping about the Eskimo Game Law Revolt. Sonny’s natural leadership at the school stems from a home life where he is celebrated as a future leader of his tribe. Tragedy and a natural interest in academia mark Amiq’s past, which creates an internal conflict between his tribe and the white scientists who encourage his future career. These character snapshots emphasize the theme of The Struggle for Civil Rights and Justice.

A major external conflict in these chapters is the military testing conducted on the Eskimo students. Luke does not know that the chemical is destructive and therefore thinks the scientists have not hurt him, but from experience, Amiq does not trust the military. Medical testing is a plot device that acts as a catalyst in breaking down the barriers between groups at Sacred Heart. It evokes imagery of unlawful testing on various groups throughout history and becomes a rallying point for the newly developing solidarity among Sacred Heart students. The testing episode emphasizes the themes of Bonding Through Adversity, The Struggle for Civil Rights and Justice, and The Impact of Forced Assimilation on Culture and Identity.

In these chapters, Dahl Edwardson highlights the ignorance and assumptions that white people had about Indigenous populations. Although Luke has never skinned an animal, school personnel assume that he is an expert hunter and can help provide food for the school. This assumption is based on racist beliefs that all Indigenous communities raise all boys to be hunters, an anachronism from before Native American extermination and forcible placement on reservations. The students at Sacred Heart figure out that the teachers will believe anything they say about their Indigenous identity and culture, which highlights the ignorance of the teachers. They do not have background knowledge of or compassion for Indigenous culture, therefore, the students’ deceptions easily fool the white school personnel. This lack of knowledge and compassion prevents school personnel from developing empathy for their students. The teachers at Sacred Heart don’t know anything about the diverse identities and cultures they serve at school because, to them, the students are entirely separate beings; school personnel can't acknowledge the humanity of their students until the students have assimilated. This emphasizes the theme of The Impact of Forced Assimilation on Culture and Identity.

A major character development occurs when the students allow themselves to be vulnerable in front of their peers. Sonny comes to Amiq’s defense and protects him from consuming the Iodine-131. Despite their feud, Sonny wants to help Amiq because their marginalization connects them, and he feels they must look out for one another when the world seeks to destroy them. Sonny knows on a visceral and subconscious level that Amiq’s abuse, if left unchecked, will one day lead to Sonny’s abuse. Sonny saving Amiq from the military tests bonds the boys, and they share their backstories. Discovering that they each have a history of familial loss helps them to understand one another’s pain.

Another example of characters opening to vulnerability is the relationship-building between Bunna and Chickie. Bunna is a typical pre-teen in that his crush on Chickie manifests when he teases her. Chickie has a formative moment when she discovers how beautiful Bunna’s eyes are, and she intuitively recognizes that they like one another. Their mutual understanding of a shared feeling motivates Bunna to come to Chickie’s defense, and the moment when they kiss under the constellations is symbolic of sharing their cultures and their histories. The development of friendships within Sacred Heart is crucial because students feel depressed and divided. Alliances and relationships help the students survive the traumas inflicted on them at school. These important connections emphasize the theme of Bonding Through Adversity.

Another crucial development is when Father Mullen discovers Sonny and Amiq sneaking back into the school, and he beats them. The beating further bonds Sonny and Amiq in a mutual trauma, but it also emphasizes Father Mullen’s racism and the hypocrisy of the Catholic church’s perspective on educating Native Americans. Father Mullen expresses a hatred for Amiq, Sonny, and all Native Americans which reveals that Father Mullen doesn’t believe in his mission. Father Mullen is disgusted by his students and believes that educating them is pointless. This is antithetical to both the government's initiative to “civilize” Native Americans and the Catholic church’s initiative to bring more people into their religion, believing that everybody can be “saved.” Thus, the school dehumanizes students in two layers. The first is through the institutional racism behind compulsive attendance policies that assume Native students are uncivilized. The second layer is through the personal racism that compels school personnel to abuse these students whom they believe are unworthy of education. The students’ struggles with racism and abuse exemplify the theme of Bonding Through Adversity.

Parts 2 and 3 end with a tragedy. Luke has a premonition not to get on the plane back home, a painful but necessary decision. Luke has difficulty expressing his premonition and convincing Bunna to stay at Sacred Heart with him. Luke has been using English so much that he can no longer express the nuances of his thoughts in his native language, which highlights the danger of the process of cultural genocide through the destruction of his native language. Bunna dies in an airplane crash, but Luke lives because he trusted his intuition. This tragedy traumatizes Luke because he must face life without Bunna, his beloved brother. Furthermore, it is another instance in which Luke internalizes guilt that he could not save one of his brothers.

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