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40 pages 1 hour read

Leigh Bardugo

Ruin and Rising

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2014

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Symbols & Motifs

Alina’s Keftas

The kefta is a robe or outer garment that the Grisha wear, with each order having a distinct color that identifies their powers. For Alina, the kefta is imbued with symbolic meaning because others express their domination, expectations, or control over her by their attitude toward it. For example, in the previous books, the Darkling wants Alina to wear a black kefta to show her allegiance to him, although she resists this and for a time chooses to wear a blue kefta. In Ruin and Rising, the Apparat’s domination of Alina is expressed by her threadbare and patched kefta. Nikolai gives Alina a lavishly decorated golden kefta as a gift, which symbolizes Alina’s power as a Sun Summoner and is intended to make a political statement during the planned trip to West Ravka. At the end of the story, Alina receives a blue kefta from her friends, even though she’s no longer Grisha. This time, the garment symbolizes her identity and freedom rather than subordination.

The Airships and Nikolai’s Transformation

Nikolai’s airships are symbolic of Ravkan freedom from the Darkling. The first clue to this association is when Nikolai rescues Alina and her companions from the soldiers who want to turn them in to the Darkling. The airship serves as a literal and figurative escape from the tyrannical rule of Alisha’s nemesis. Additionally, Nikolai himself, because of his ownership of the airships, is associated with the air, the wind, and the sky in general. It’s an appropriate connection because, like air, Nikolai is elusive and agile. When she gets to the Spinning Wheel, a place strongly associated with Nikolai, Alina is struck by its “eerie sense of openness, as if a wind might blow through and send me tumbling into the nothingness beyond” (137). When the Darkling transforms him into a shadow monster, Nikolai fittingly has wings, and Alina sees and hears “a flicker or movement, the silent beat of a shadowy wing” (262). Nikolai uses his new shape to his advantage, joining the battle against the Darkling’s forces, again personifying Ravkan freedom.

Knives

Knives appear in several significant ways in Ruin and Rising. The first is the saying included in Mal’s sunburst tattoo, which says I am become a blade (113). Mal desires to become a weapon for Alina’s cause, since he despairs of ever being with her as he wants to. This desire is fulfilled when Mal willingly dies to support Alina—and he insists she stab him with the Grisha knife, a blade (376). Alina then uses the same knife to stab the Darkling, killing him because of the Grisha power in the blade (383). She thinks of the light of the newly transformed soldiers as “a gleaming blade that pierced the dark” (380). Knives become objects not just of death but of power and directing one’s intent.

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