44 pages • 1 hour read
William MaxwellA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Clarence tells Fern that Lloyd is preoccupied, and Fern pretends not to know why. Fern believes that Clarence knows what’s going on, but she’s mistaken.
While Cletus is at the barbershop with his father, Lloyd passes by the window. The barber asks Clarence about his friendship with Lloyd and Clarence does not reply. The barber notices in the mirror that Cletus is blushing.
Clarence and Lloyd avoid each other, they are no longer speaking. Marie asks Lloyd to explain why he and Clarence aren’t friends anymore. He realizes that she knows about the affair. He begins to explain but she stops him. She tells him that they will now go separate ways; he doesn’t know what she means.
After a few days, Marie announces that she and their children are moving in with her sister. Lloyd says she can take their four daughters but not their two sons. He tells her that the love affair with Fern has made him happy for the first time in his life.
Lloyd drives Marie and the girls into town. His daughters leave without saying goodbye. Back at the farm, his sons don’t understand why their mother isn’t there. They cry themselves to sleep at night. Lloyd finds that he doesn’t know how to do the domestic tasks and hires a widow named Mrs. B. as a housekeeper. Due to her age and health problems, she is not able to do all the cleaning. She is a talkative person and is lonely on the farm. Lloyd is gone most of the time. She gathers from his uncle Fred Wilson that Lloyd is having an affair.
Cletus knows that Marie and the girls have moved out. Lloyd behaves toward him as though everything is normal, but Cletus senses that there has been a change.
Aunt Jenny is spending more time taking care of Cletus’s younger brother Wayne. She feels bad for the boys because Fern is giving them less attention these days. Aunt Jenny can tell that the boys sense their parents’ marital problems. Wayne asks her what would happen if someone were buried alive. When Fern comes home, Aunt Jenny sends Wayne away so the women can talk in private.
Clarence hopes the affair will wear itself out. He doesn’t want to provoke Fern into leaving him. Sometimes when they fight, he momentarily loses consciousness and does things he is only aware of after the fact. He asks her to come with him to visit his parents, but she refuses. She neglects household tasks. The home and garden slip into disarray.
Aunt Jenny reminisces fondly about her deceased husband Tom Evans, who had an aristocratic bearing. Tom treated Fern like his own daughter. Aunt Jenny considers how much has been lost in the years since they raised Fern. She is perplexed by the swift passage of time.
Lloyd empties his savings account to pay a separation settlement to Marie. At the bank, his daughters refuse to acknowledge him. He removes his wife and daughters as beneficiaries of his life insurance policy.
Mrs. Stroud visits the farm and tells Lloyd that Mrs. B. is not keeping the house clean. He promises to talk to her but doesn’t.
Cletus overhears his mother telling Aunt Jenny that she has contacted a divorce lawyer. The lawyer believes she has a strong case against Clarence.
Despite his separation from Marie, Lloyd and Fern are still secretive about the affair due to their fears of community disapproval.
Clarence wonders how much his sons know. He and Fern are fighting more, and she says things she knows will hurt him. He comes home drunk one night and tries to have sex with her, but she fights him off. He seeks the advice of a Baptist minister.
Mrs. B. feels bad for Lloyd. She determines to advise him to seek his wife’s forgiveness and ask her to come home.
Cletus is worried because he overhears his mother threatening to take the boys and move out. While milking the cows the next morning, Cletus tells his father what he heard. He asks Clarence not to argue with her about it because when his father tells her not to do something she feels compelled to do it. Clarence is enraged by the truth of this comment. He lashes out and strikes Cletus, knocking him to the ground. He warns his son that if he ever tells him what to do again, he’ll break his back.
Mrs. B. advises Lloyd to ask his wife to come home. Lloyd says he’ll think about it.
Fern and the children move in with Aunt Jenny. Clarence receives a notice from Fern’s lawyer that he is being sued for divorce. During the court proceedings, Clarence is shocked at his depiction as an abusive husband. Victor is called as a witness and testifies about his knowledge of Fern’s affair with Lloyd. But during cross-examination, Fern’s lawyer questions Victor’s reliability in light of his well-known public drunkenness. Fern is granted a divorce and custody of the children. Clarence is ordered to pay $50 a month in alimony.
Cletus helps Aunt Jenny clean out her cellar. She wants to talk to him about the distressing family situation, but she can’t directly broach that subject. Cletus wonders who will feed his father and Victor.
Clarence visits his parents for Sunday dinner, but he has no appetite. His mother wonders why her grandsons haven’t visited, and Clarence speculates that Fern won’t let them. He wants to talk to his parents but is in too much pain to speak.
On the advice of her lawyer, Fern and Lloyd have been staying away from each other. They correspond through the mail.
Cletus’s dog Trixie still waits for him after school not understanding that he is now living elsewhere. Clarence has been beating the dog.
Cletus wants to visit his father, but his mother asks him not to. She momentarily considers telling him everything. She decides that she’ll explain it all when he’s older and he will forgive her.
Wayne, the younger brother, befriends a girl named Patsy and starts spending time at her house. Patsy’s mother thinks that Fern should thank her for looking after her son so often.
Through community gossip, Fern learns that Clarence knows she and Lloyd are corresponding. She thinks about what has been done to Clarence and starts to fear him. She dwells on memories of Clarence violently threatening her.
Cletus rides his bike to the farm and is greeted by Trixie. During the visit with his father, Cletus and Clarence sit in silence all afternoon. When he leaves, Trixie tries to follow him, but Cletus tells her to stay. Afterward, Clarence tells Fern to not let Cletus visit again.
The narrator considers how children’s identities are tied to their homes. He imagines the many small facets of home life that have been taken away from Cletus and concludes that the scale of the loss must have transformed him into a different person.
Marie Wilson comes back to the farmhouse to retrieve some items. She is sad to see her sons treating her like a stranger. When she says goodbye, the boys break into tears. Lloyd drives her back to town in silence. She tells him she can’t understand how he could have betrayed his best friend. Lloyd does not reply.
Trixie is still waiting for Cletus to come home. Clarence sometimes forgets to feed her. He continues to beat and abuse her.
Lloyd asks Marie for a divorce so he can marry Fern, but Marie refuses.
Fern has trouble sleeping and drifts in and out of dreams. She recalls a time when she was a young woman and had an affair with a married man. Tom Evans locked her in her room to stop her from seeing him. While she was still in love with the married man, Clarence began courting her. Tom objected to her plans to marry Clarence because he had seen Clarence beating his horse in town. She married Clarence anyway. Tom did not attend the wedding.
After the fall harvest, Clarence quits farming and Victor moves away. Lloyd is still considering moving to Iowa, but he’s putting it off. Trixie notices that Clarence is not doing any of the normal winter chores. The new tenant comes to visit the property and Trixie observes them discussing her. She watches in confusion as Clarence and his father move out of the house. She is locked in the barn during an estate auction and barks incessantly as the farm animals are sold.
Clarence ties Trixie to a tree and leaves. She waits patiently but grows more concerned and begins to howl. Lloyd arrives and tries to take her home with him, but she refuses to go. The next day she follows Lloyd home and is greeted by Mrs. B. and the boys.
The new tenant, James Walker, arrives at the Smith’s former house. Trixie goes with James and is pleased to have cows to round up again.
Clarence is living with his parents and has entered a state of deep depression.
Fern and Aunt Jenny prepare a traditional Christmas celebration. Cletus waits all day for his father to arrive. He never comes. Cletus pretends not to care. Clarence, meanwhile, is in town muttering to a stranger, unaware that it is Christmas day.
Trixie is still looking for the Smiths. She runs away to find them and eventually shows up at the house where Clarence is staying. His mother offers to let Trixie stay. Instead, Clarence brings her back to James at the farm. Clarence returns to the farm a few more times after that, apparently searching for something. Trixie keeps running away. Fern tells Cletus that Clarence had Trixie put down.
Fern writes to Lloyd that she is scared of what Clarence might do. She visits her divorce lawyer and tells him her fears about Clarence. The lawyer says that unless Clarence has made specific threats, there’s nothing the police can do about it.
The narrator, in the present day, describes visiting Lincoln as an old man. He stands outside of his old house and notes the changes in the neighborhood. He sometimes dreams about the way Lincoln was in his childhood. In one dream, he stands outside of his first childhood home and knows that his mother is inside.
The narrator relates an experience from years before when, while talking to his therapist about his mother’s death, he began weeping uncontrollably.
He imagines a dreamlike location he calls the “Palace at 4 A.M.” (named for the Giacometti sculpture he described in Chapter 3) where the past and present are permeable. He encounters Cletus Smith there. The narrator sees Cletus lying on his bed in the fetal position. Lloyd has been murdered but Clarence hasn’t been found yet. Cletus asks Aunt Jenny what she would do if Clarence came to the house and Aunt Jenny says she doesn’t know. It’s time for school, but Cletus knows he can never go back there again.
The narrator says that he keeps reliving the moment when he encountered Cletus in the school hallway and walked by without speaking to him. The memory still causes him to wince. Once, while feeling guilty, he searched through an old yearbook but couldn’t find a picture of Cletus. He thinks that he will always feel guilty and continue to wonder what happened to Cletus. His final hope for Cletus is that, over time, the memories of the murder “began to seem less real, more like something he dreamed” (135). He hopes that he was able to move on from a tragedy that was not his fault. In the final words of the novel, he hopes that Cletus was able to grow up “undestroyed by what was not his doing” (135).
Cletus continues to exhibit keen perceptiveness. His blushing face at the barbershop exposes his awareness and distress. He isn’t fooled by Lloyd’s attempts to act like everything is normal. He learns, before his father, that his mother is hiring a divorce lawyer.
The most dramatic demonstration of his knowledge occurs when he advises his father not to argue with his mother. His father curses at him and knocks him to the ground. Clarence’s response indicates the emasculation and diminution implicit in Cletus’s accurate assessment. In an attempt to feel powerful, Clarence hits a child. He will soon commit similar abuses against the family dog, taking out his frustrations on another innocent creature who can’t fight back.
The novel highlights Family Instability and Its Effect on Children, particularly children’s lack of agency in the marital upheavals of adults despite being profoundly affected by the consequences. Cletus has perceived much more than Clarence for a long time, but his first attempt to offer input is rejected with violence. The threat of violence enforces a code of silence. Clarence’s final rampage leaves Cletus and the rest of the children to pay for the crimes in trauma. The narrator is concerned with the guiltlessness of children caught in adult dramas.
Cletus’s innocence is underscored by his dog Trixie in Chapter 8. Cletus and Trixie are closely linked throughout the novel and, at this point, the dog becomes a representation of the boy. Trixie’s intelligent observations are limited by her partial understanding of the family disruptions. Like Cletus, she is mistreated by Clarence and suffers the consequences of adult actions she can’t control or fully comprehend. When Clarence moves out, Trixie watches in agony as the household is deconstructed, one piece at a time. This scene resonates with a sequence earlier in the chapter in which the narrator imagines removing Cletus’s home comforts, piece by piece, leaving him with a fundamentally altered existence.
In the final chapter, Maxwell augments his major themes of memory and imagination by conflating both processes with dreaming. All three facets of consciousness distill reality into mental images and stories. When the narrator dreams about the past, it is an amalgamation of what was and what cannot be, of Memory and Fiction. This novel is that dream—a memory that becomes a fiction to obliterate the pain of silence with the power of speech.
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