50 pages • 1 hour read
Ian McEwanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
In December, Haley asks Serena to read his short novel. She does, pretending that she has never read it before, and her negative opinion remains unchanged. They take a walk, and she mentions the story’s bleak, pessimistic perspective of humanity. Though she means this as a criticism, Haley thinks that she understands the story perfectly. Over Christmas, she accompanies him as he delivers the story to the publisher. They plan to spend Christmas apart with their respective families. After meeting the publisher, they walk through London and reminisce about their relationship. Over dinner, Haley confesses that he does not have any ideas for another novel. Instead, he is thinking about writing more academic articles and may return to teaching. Serena tries to gently convince him to continue writing without revealing the nature of her assignment. He changes the subject, and they talk about unrelated matters.
After dinner, Serena returns to her apartment to pack her bag before catching the train to her parents’ house. She walks from the station to her parents’ home and is struck by a bout of nostalgia. Her father answers the door, already dressed in his clerical clothes to deliver a sermon at midnight. As he hugs her, she begins to cry but does not know why. Her father reacts awkwardly, but she assures him that she is simply happy to be home. That evening, she eats dinner with her family and Luke, Lucy’s “long-haired Irish boyfriend” (135). Serena tells herself not to engage with him on any political issues such as the situation in Northern Ireland. She continues with her white lies about her work until the Bishop makes his excuses and departs for the church.
After dinner, Serena walks around the neighborhood with Lucy and Luke. She joins them in smoking marijuana, but her thoughts are still occupied by her crying on the family doorstep and the scrap of paper she has found in her coat pocket, the one which she found in the safehouse, which reminds her of many things, including Tony, Shirley, and Max. She leaves Luke and Lucy to themselves and returns home, hearing voices and hymns from the distant church. Her thoughts are filled with Haley and a desire to be with him. She decides to write a letter but then hears her sister calling and realizes that she has been acting strangely, influenced by the marijuana.
The ongoing energy crisis in Great Britain means that the MI5 offices are not heated “in order to set a good example” (139). Serena wears her coat in the cold office. She receives a letter from Haley, telling her that he is driving his alcoholic sister back to Bristol. After an argumentative Christmas, he tells her, the journey will be difficult, and he is delayed through the New Year celebrations. A few days later, Serena is called into a big meeting of everyone working on the Sweet Tooth assignment, including those working with writers other than Haley. An unfamiliar American named Pierre gives a presentation about his experiences in the war, in intelligence, and the way in which America and the Soviets have used arts and culture as propaganda tools. He concludes by reminding his audience of two points: the Cold War is not over and “the United States [is] the only country on the planet that [does not] understand that some things work better when they’re small” (142). As a result, he reminds the people working on Sweet Tooth to keep their operation small and thus more effective.
Two days later, Haley meets Serena at the Brighton train station. He is gripped by an exciting new idea and, after they have sex, he tells her that his publisher is thrilled about the short novel. He also reveals his idea, which is to talk to Serena’s sister Lucy about the life of someone “who lives on the margins, scrapes by, but quite successfully” (144). Serena agrees to set up an interview, on the condition that she is not a topic of conversation. He is also scheduled to give a reading of his work for the first time and the idea makes him nervous. Haley assures Serena that he likes her and that she is special, “whatever happens” (145). She feels reassured and, as they have sex on Brighton’s pebbled beach, Haley tells Serena that he loves her. She repeats the words back to him but knows that she now must tell him the truth about her life.
Serena’s department remains cold as the staff fall into a depressive bout of intense work, brought about by the failures of their agents in Northern Ireland. Haley writes to Serena to say that his reading was a disaster. He has been productive, working on several academic pieces and finding a publisher for the short story which Serena helped him complete. Soon, he will interview Lucy. Serena attends a meeting with Max during the midst of a snap general election. Serena and Max have barely spoken since his drunken visit to her house, but she provides him with an update on Haley’s work. She praises the short novel to spite Max and defend Haley, though Max aggressively dismisses Haley’s “little fantasy world gone to shit” (149). He believes it adds nothing to the Sweet Tooth operation. Serena leaves the office, even though Max emotionally asks her to stay.
Serena returns to her desk and tries to work. The next day, she plans to meet Haley after his meeting with a friend who wants to publish Haley’s work in a magazine. She feels restless and arrives early, browsing nearby bookstores. Desperate to see Haley, she enters the pub where they are supposed to meet but sees him caught in a seemingly romantic situation with another woman. She recognizes one of Haley’s writer friends, who provides a scant excuse for Haley’s situation and buys her a large glass of wine. Serena looks back to Haley and realizes that the woman is Shirley, who has lost weight and now strikes Serena as “beautiful” (152). Shirley sees Serena but leaves without an explanation. Haley approaches Serena and his friend, smiling as though nothing has occurred. Serena listens to the conversation while seething with jealousy. She thinks about Shirley, who is apparently now a writer.
The pub closes, so the trio moves to a late-night drinking establishment. As the evening draws out, Serena convinces herself that she is ready to leave Haley. They leave the bar at 6 am and Haley’s friend departs. When they are alone, Serena accuses Haley of having an affair with her friend Shirley. He is shocked by the accusation, claiming to have met Shirley at his disastrous reading. Her father died recently, and Haley insists that he and Shirley are simply friends. Serena wants to believe him, but she is angry. She allows him to take her hand and take her to her apartment. They share a bath and then go to bed.
Haley’s novel is shortlisted for a prestigious literary prize, though the announcement is overshadowed by political turmoil in Britain. By March, the right-wing government is replaced by a left-wing government. Unlike most people at MI5, Serena voted for the left-wing candidate for Prime Minister, but she is too exhausted to be happy with the result. She wants Haley to win his prize but is worried that her superiors hate his work. The press finally catches wind of Haley’s surprise success, and he is profiled in newspapers. Meanwhile, he has already begun work on a secretive new project. At work, Max passes a message to Serena reminding her not to be photographed or seen alongside the newly famous Sweet Tooth writer. She wonders whether the letter is bureaucratic trap, set by Max in revenge for the rejection. Angrily, she plans ways in which she can avoid attending the award ceremony to avoid any issues at work. She is reminded of the secret life she hides away from the man she loves.
On the day of the ceremony, Serena sends Haley a telegram in which she feigns illness and says to meet her afterwards. He arrives later with the news that he won the top prize of £2,000. They go to dinner, and she discovers that the final published version of the novel is dedicated to her. She ignores any security issues and kisses him. The book is finally published for everyone to read, and the reviews are mostly positive. Serena begins to see the novel in a new light. Serena visits Haley, but he spends most of the weekend writing. As she eats breakfast, she studies the newspapers for more reviews and is shocked to see a headline which claims that the recent prizewinner is “funded by MI5” (159). The article exposes the links between the Foundation and Serena’s employers. She panics.
Serena returns to Haley’s apartment and shows him the article. Haley is indignant, angry that people will think that the government has told him what to write. He does not seem to suspect Serena’s role in his recruitment. He plans to refuse any more payments and wants Serena to help him draft a response for the press. She does so, missing her opportunity to tell him the truth. Much to her surprise, Haley adds a line to his statement claiming he has never “had any communication from or contact with any member of MI5” (161). Afterward, as Serena despairs about what to do, Haley takes her for a walk along the seafront. As they walk, Haley is convinced that they are being followed. They see the same man after they stop for lunch. They return home and Serena falls asleep to the sound of Haley’s typewriter, worried about the week ahead.
Throughout Sweet Tooth, numerous political events provide a backdrop against which the characters’ lives play out. The war in the Middle East results in fuel shortages, the collapsing British economy and political system causes turmoil in the corridors of MI5, and the conflict in Northern Ireland occupies a great deal of the organizations attention. These bleak, pessimistic events are juxtaposed against the burgeoning romance between Haley and Serena, as well as Haley’s literary success. For all the darkness in the world, their relationship provides a hint of optimism. However, the relationship between the characters and the political world is not only a contrast. While working on the Northern Ireland operation, Serena learns about the undercover operatives whose lives are cut short when their real identities are uncovered. This threat is echoed in her own life, where she must deal with the worry that Haley will discover the truth about her job and the source of his funding. Her exposure can destroy her life, throwing her into the bleak darkness that the rest of Britain is experiencing. Serena may be happy, but political events remind her of the fragile nature of her happiness.
Shirley is an important counterpoint to Serena. She pushed back against the idea of lying to a friend or loved one and was fired from MI5, acting in a way that Serena does not. Shirley was blunt about the truth with Serena, while Serena cannot bring herself to tell the truth to Haley lest she lose everything. Shirley’s honesty highlights the trap in which Serena is caught, having to decide between the truth which will ruin her life and continuing a lie which will eventually be exposed. Added to this, Shirley’s success after leaving MI5 further highlights the differences between Shirley and Serena. Shirley becomes a successful writer, making a transition that Serena will never be able to make. Shirley is the active producer of fiction while Serena is the passive consumer. The same strength which helped Shirley stand up to her bosses is the same strength which helps her become a writer, while the passivity which traps Serena in her situation ensures that she will always be a reader rather than the author of her own fate.
The revelation about Haley’s funding undermines his greatest success. He spent years as a struggling academic before MI5 helped him to make the dangerous transition into writing fiction. He always feared the openness and the uncertainty of being a writer rather than an academic and his worst fears are eventually proved true. While he earns a great deal of critical success, winning a very prestigious prize, this enjoyment is undergirded by the inevitability of his own demise. He knows full well that the truth about MI5 will eventually be exposed, so he cannot even enjoy his success while it lasts. Haley’s success as a writer is tainted for him, preventing him from taking satisfaction from what should be his greatest accomplishments.
By Ian McEwan
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