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55 pages 1 hour read

Toni Morrison

Tar Baby

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1981

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Chapter 9-BackmatterChapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 9 Summary

Content Warning: These chapters contain scenes of domestic violence and instances of racism and the use of slurs.

Jadine and Son travel to Eloe, Florida, taking first a plane, then a bus, and finally a car ride. They stop first at Soldier’s house, an old friend of Son’s, and Soldier and everyone else in the area are excited to see Son. They tell him that Sally Brown, his ex-mother-in-law, finally died, and Jadine can see the relief on his face. Son leaves Jadine at Soldier’s house and goes to visit his father, Old Man. Son is excited to see him, and when Old Man tells Son of Sally Brown’s death, he also tells Son that she slept with a shotgun, waiting to kill Son if he ever came back to town. She also looked for the boy who survived the fire, but he and his family left town after the incident. Old Man wants to meet Jadine, but because the couple is unmarried, Old Man tells Son that Jadine must stay with Son’s aunt, Rosa. When Son asks about the money orders he sent to his father, Old Man tells him he never used all of them, and kept the envelopes, attached to his name in his own handwriting. Son’s name is Franklin Green.

Back at Soldier’s, Jadine struggles to hold a conversation with the other women until she remembers her camera and creates an informal photo shoot. When Son returns, he interrupts the shoot and brings her to Old Man’s, then to Rosa’s to settle in, and then finally out to a bar in neighboring Poncie with friends before bringing her back to Rosa’s for the night. At Rosa’s, Jadine stays in a windowless room that used to be a porch and struggles to sleep. She gets up in the middle of the night, naked and hot and walks out the door to the yard, where she is stunned by the absolute darkness and loud noise of the plants in the wind. Rosa finds her and gives her a shift to cover herself, making Jadine feel more naked and obscene than ever before. As she settles back into bed, she reminds herself that she just needs to make it until the next day before they leave.

The next morning, Sunday, Son and his friend take Rosa to church, leaving Jadine and Soldier to eat breakfast at Rosa’s alone. Soldier asks Jadine about marriage and says that Cheyenne, Son’s ex-wife, was known for offering the best sex in town. Jadine pushes back, and it is clear to her that Soldier wants her gone. She tells him that they plan to leave that day, and he immediately protests, as a friend from Montgomery, Alabama, is coming to see Son. Jadine begs Son to leave but he pleads with her to stay, saying he will sneak into her room that night. Son keeps his promise, but Jadine cannot fall asleep, as all of the women in their lives appear in a vision around their bed. Jadine believes the vision stems from her insecurity hearing about Cheyenne, but nevertheless, the women keep her from sleep.

The next day, Jadine demands they leave for New York and Son assents, agreeing to send her back on the train and promising to fly home the next day after his friend leaves, if she swears she’ll be waiting for him. Jadine returns to New York, but Son doesn’t show for a long while and never calls. His behavior angers Jadine and makes her more anxious about the night women who visit her. She believes the women are judging her and trying to destroy the person she works so hard to be. When Son finally returns, they fight and she believes it is because of the night women. She wants Son to go to school or start a business using money she’s received from Valerian. He struggles with her commitment to Valerian and feels she’s choosing Valerian over himself and her own family. He refuses the money, and she calls him uneducated, and he tells her that if she did not learn about people like Son and her aunt and uncle in school, she learned nothing. Their fights turn violent, but despite the violence, they always make up. In one instance, Son dangles Jadine out of their window, but when the police show up not too long after, the two are so affectionate and loving with each other the police wonder if they have the wrong apartment.

They finally agree that they will be married, and Son will go to school. Jadine fills out school applications for him. The stress of their relationship is aging her, and she begins missing out on modeling gigs. She talks of how hard life is in the city and how much she hates Eloe, calling it Son’s cradle and preaching sexual equality to him. He is confused by her preaching, as he finds the hardest living and the most independent and capable women he knows in Eloe. In September, Jadine receives $1,246 in municipal bonds from Valerian and when she suggests that they use the money to pay for Son’s school, he refuses. Both Son and Jadine believe they are helping the other escape their past lives. Jadine wants to help Son escape from the overbearing women whom she believes are holding him back, while Son wants to help Jadine escape from the influence he believes white men have on her. When Son suggests that Jadine just wants to turn everyone white, the fight that ensues is their worst yet, and she swears to kill him. He leaves the apartment, and when he returns, Jadine makes it clear that their relationship is over and that she will not let him hurt her again. She gives him a dime from Valerian’s money, telling him that his original dime likely came to him in much the same way, from a white man. Son leaves again, and when he comes back to get his things, Jadine is gone. He sees the photos Jadine took in Eloe, and the shining image he has of his hometown fades and he promises himself to be whoever she wants him to be, if he can only find her first.

Chapter 10 Summary

Jadine returns to Queen of France and waits in the Old Queen Hotel for someone to come pick her up. She is happy with her quick, clean escape from New York and yet again refusing to let a man break her. When she returns to L’Arbe de la Croix, she finds Margaret cleaning out Valerian’s closet. Margaret tells her that Michael got into Berkeley, meaning she won’t go to him but will instead stay and care for the now ill Valerian. Jadine tells Margaret that she plans to return to France the next day but won’t marry Ryk. In the kitchen, Jadine finds Ondine, who explains that with Valerian sick, Margaret is finally in control, no longer hindered or controlled by him. Jadine tells Ondine that she left them to live with Son and that their relationship turned violent. Ondine is upset over Jadine’s actions, but Jadine sees it as her need to depend on Jadine. Ondine tells Jadine how to be a better daughter, reminding her that she should want to care for her and Sydney because they are family, not because of some sense of debt. Jadine accuses Ondine of wanting payback for raising her and asserts that she doesn’t want to be like Ondine. After Jadine leaves and Sydney finds Ondine, the two commiserate over Jadine’s disappointing behavior and treatment of them.

Sydney takes Valerian’s lunch to him in the greenhouse and must open his mail for him and even feed him because he now suffers from tremors. Sydney assures Valerian that he did not know of Margaret’s abuse of Michael and though Valerian now expresses a desire to return to Philadelphia, Sydney assures him that he will be happiest here on the island. When Valerian denies the wine Sydney offers him, Sydney drinks it himself, and though Valerian takes slight issue with this, he enjoys Sydney’s company once the music is turned back on.

At the airport, Jadine runs into Alma Estée, a girl who often helped Gideon and Thérèse at L’Arbe de la Croix. Alma Estée works there, and Jadine does not recognize her. Alma Estée asks Jadine if she killed Son. Jadine brushes her off but gives her a few francs as she leaves, calling her Mary. On the plane, Jadine settles into her seat and thinks of the ants on the ground below her. She thinks of how they spend their lives in a community comprised of mostly women and how they fulfill the duties of their queen. She sees her own life ahead as that of a queen ant. She will struggle to forget Son and the role he played in her life, but she is confident that she will continue on and find success. 

Backmatter Summary

Son is back in Queen of France, finding no trace of Jadine in New York and haunted by the pictures from Eloe. He begins looking for Gideon and Thérèse, and when he does not find them at their home, he looks for Thérèse in the market. She is excited to see him and brings him home. When Gideon arrives, he tells Son that Jadine was here and left and that he must let her go. Gideon calls Alma Estée over to the house, and she explains to Son how she saw Jadine leave with a blond man. Son decides to go to Isle des Chevaliers to get Jadine’s address from her family, but the ferry is not running. Thérèse promises to bring him in her boat, despite being visually impaired, and they depart into a foggy, dark night. The trip takes much longer than Son expects, and Thérèse brings him to the back of the island. She tells him to choose Jadine or les chevaliers who still ride around the island. Once he climbs over the rocks and finds the shore, he runs as fast as he can. 

Chapters 9-Backmatter Analysis

Chapters 9 and 10 feature the dissolution of Son and Jadine’s relationship, Jadine’s flight from him, and his pursuance of her. Many factors contribute to their relationship failing, but most significant is the pressure exerted by their expectations for each other. Each believes that they are helping the other to escape an undesirable life, and each hopes to cultivate a new life for the other. Son wants to help Jadine escape the influence of white men, while Jadine wants to help Son escape the Black women in his life whom she believes are holding him back. This pressure manifests for Jadine in the form of the night women, who haunt her waking nights with judgment:

The night women were not merely against her (and her alone—not him), not merely looking superior over their sagging breasts and folded stomachs, they seemed somehow in agreement with each other about her, and were all out to get her, tie her, bind her. Grab the person she had worked hard to become and choke it off with their soft loose tits (262).

The different lives that Son and Jadine lead are influenced by The Intersection of Social Class and Race, and Jadine’s perception of Son’s world leads her to believe that it is at odds with her own. She believes that all the women in his life, and even some in hers, judge her for the life she leads and the progress she believes she makes. Her desire to live in the city, work as a model, and live a life more tailored to the upper class with an independent Son is opposed to what she believes the other women in his life, living in rural areas with husbands that depend on them, want for Son. The night women follow her, and even Son’s presence cannot ward them off, as he seemingly wants Jadine to be more like the night women than she ever plans to be.

The night women represent the beginning of Son and Jadine’s separation and the catalyst for their arguments. These arguments are personal and fierce, often ending with injuries and dramatic exits. However, their love and obligation to each other persist, and they make up frequently and quickly. As the fights grow more severe, Son expresses his dismay at Jadine’s relationship with Valerian and what he sees as her disappointing support of her aunt and uncle. Son asks why she needs Valerian’s help when he could help her support Ondine and Sydney:

[T]ake that woman off her feet. Her feet are killing her, killing her, and let them live like people for a change, like the people you never studied, like the people you can’t photograph. They are the ones who put you through school, woman, they are the ones. Not him (265).

Son despises Jadine’s support and reverence of Valerian and is discouraged by her lack of a sense of duty to her family. His own Familial Expectations Between Generations dictate that younger generations should take care of the people who sacrificed for them and raised them as the elders grow older and need support. Jadine shuns this responsibility and even argues with Ondine over it, saying that she doesn’t feel as though she owes them anything. Son sees a selfish side to Jadine, one that he cannot imagine possessing himself. He begins to see a wider divide between their lifestyles and goals, and the fact that Jadine will not support her aunt and uncle forces him to acknowledge just how deeply Jadine is connected to Margaret and Valerian.

His disappointment deepens, and their final fight sees Son criticizing her relationship to the Streets too severely for a reunion. Jadine leaves, ending the relationship and returning to L’Arbe de la Croix before departing for Paris. Despite the disappointment in the relationship, Jadine revels in her independence and flight from a toxic environment: “proud of having been so decisive, so expert at the leaving. Of having refused to be broken in the big ugly hands of any man. Now she felt lean and male, having left quickly with no peeping back just in case” (275). Jadine makes a clean break, not allowing herself the time and space to let the relationship repair itself. When it comes to Obligations and Betrayal in Romantic Relationships, Jadine and Son have experienced it all. They are supported and loved but also hurt and betrayed. Jadine feels the pressures of Son wishing to change her and his resistance to her notions of a new him as well. Remembering her promise to herself to not let men define her, Jadine leaves. Her flight is because of the betrayal she feels from Son, his criticism of her relationship with the Streets, and his attempts to define and change her racial identity. Even though she seeks to change him in similar ways, his words and the violence that comes with them become too much, and she determines to be independent. As she leaves, she recognizes that she is no longer obligated to any man and that she can be whoever she wants to be, and not risk being betrayed and broken again.

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