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59 pages 1 hour read

George Saunders

Tenth of December

Fiction | Short Story Collection | Adult | Published in 2013

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Symbols & Motifs

Corporate Speech

In several stories, elements of corporate-controlled speech enter the narrative, such as the trademarked terms for drugs in “Escape from Spiderhead” or the name Semplica Girls (which, in the world of the story, is already and commonly shortened to SGs, such that the reader doesn’t encounter the full term until its meaning is being explored for a child). The products are often heightened parodies of contemporary products; VerbaluceTM and DarkenfloxxTM echo prescription drug naming conventions, and MiiVOXMax is a tech-inspired mashup of big-brand naming conventions. These function as markers of the way that corporate power has shaped reality in modern life for these characters, using branding to increase its stranglehold on society. For Saunders, putting a proper name on the dehumanizing forces that shape his characters is an act of criticism toward tech and pharmaceutical practice and a deliberately blunt satire of American corporate lingo. The Semplica Girls make an even more pointed statement about the conflation between status symbols and the trauma that they inflict on women from impoverished countries, literalizing the harm of capitalist consumption.

On the flipside of the overt visibility that corporations build through advertising and branding are the subtle implications within corporate power structures best exemplified in “Exhortation.” Todd’s memo is full of veiled threats built around the actuality of employment: His employees have families and home lives that are supported by doing their work, and Todd has power over their continued employment, life, and happiness. Instead of saying so, he appeals to a sense of morale and community. This mirrors contemporary conceptions of the struggle between labor and management and the common practice within large corporations of blurring the lines between employee and family member (while having broad power to terminate employment at will). Dr. Abnesti in “Escape from Spiderhead” uses a similar strategy. He appeals to his own goodness and points to the company hierarchy to absolve himself of his complicity in the deaths of his subjects; succeeding at his job requires him to willfully ignore the ethical dilemma in front of him. In every case throughout Tenth of December, any invocation of corporate power is meant to criticize the way it habitually dehumanizes people.

Mood-Altering Drugs

The use of mood-altering drugs to manipulate human consciousness plays a role in “Escape from Spiderhead” and “My Chivalric Fiasco,” and both stories reveal a deep ambivalence about the role that chemical interference can have on the human mind. The biggest reason for this is one of intent: The drugs are being used by more powerful figures to manipulate people underneath them in the power structure, and regardless if it’s the unnamed pharmaceutical company conducting unethical tests on prisoners or a manager at a family attraction inducing feelings of chivalry in his former janitor, the drugs symbolize the way that human beings can be reduced to the roles they play. The drugs are even more dehumanizing because the feelings they inspire in the characters feel legitimate and powerful in the moment, so they call into question the very idea of meaningful emotional attachment. For Saunders, imagined drugs like VerbaluceTM or KnightLyfe® are one more way that capitalist impulses pervert sincere meaning in a person’s life.

Imagined Conversation

A frequent motif in these stories is imagined conversations between a point of view character and the people in their lives, which function as a way to dramatize elements of theme and character. While this motif exists in most of the stories, it is most apparent in “Escape from Spiderhead,” “Al Roosten,” and “Tenth of December.” Jeff, in “Escape from Spiderhead,” relies on talking with his mother to consider the ethical dilemma he’s in and considers how his prior actions have hurt her; in this way, he’s able to rationalize what he must do to truly change. Al Roosten, on the other hand, uses his mother as a tool for self-soothing, alternately having her champion him, question him, and forgive him for his bad behavior. Whereas Jeff seems to have a good understanding of the pain he’s caused his mother and in doing so has realized that Empathy is Difficult but Necessary Work, Al is more interested in the version of his mother he’s constructed in his own mind and how she can function as a defense mechanism; she essentially prevents him from growing as a person. Don Eber and Robin use the same tool as they navigate their decisions in “Tenth of December.” For Robin, conversation with Suzanne pushes him to do the right thing, and for Eber, imagining his family helps him choose to live. This repeated element helps emphasize one of Saunders’s central ideas: that people are always in relation to one another, and that purpose can be found in that community.

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