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49 pages 1 hour read

Mark Twain

The Adventures of Tom Sawyer

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1876

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Chapter 29-ConclusionChapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 29 Summary: “Huck Saves the Widow”

Tom sees Becky the next day, after the Thatchers return from their vacation. They play with schoolmates, and the next day will be the long-awaited picnic. That night, there is no signal from Huck.

In the morning, the children gather at Judge Thatcher’s house. Mrs. Thatcher tells Becky to stay with Susy Harper if it gets too late to come home. Tom wants them to stop at the Widow Douglas’s house for ice cream. Becky agrees. Then he worries that Huck might come that night and signal him while he is gone. However, the thought of immediate fun compels Tom more than the fear of potential action that night.

On the ferry chartered for the picnic, the children eat and then disembark to enter McDougal’s Cave. They light candles and pass through a wooden door at the top of a hill. It is rumored to be an endless labyrinth, but Tom knows as much of the cave as anyone. As they explore, various groups eventually separate into branching tunnels, but they never stray far from the main group.

Huck sees the ferry that evening, returning the children from their expedition. Near midnight, he sees two men in the dark. One has something under his arm, and he thinks it must be Injun Joe moving the treasure. He follows them to Widow Douglas’s property, where he hears Injun Joe talking. This is the revenge Injun Joe had been talking about. Huck remembers the widow’s previous kindnesses to him as Injun Joe says the widow’s husband had him publicly whipped. Now he wants to disfigure her by cutting her nose with his knife.

Huck runs to a nearby house. He tells an old Welshman that Widow Douglas is in danger. The man takes his three sons to the Douglas property. Huck runs when he hears gunfire.

Chapter 30 Summary: “Tom and Becky in the Cave”

In the morning, Huck knocks on the Welshman’s door. The old man says Injun Joe and his partner escaped, but a posse had been roused and was now searching the woods. Huck describes the two men but begs them not to say he told them. The old man understands his fear, especially when Huck admits that one of the men was Injun Joe. The old man says the men weren’t carrying the box, as Huck had thought, but only tools they were going to use for a burglary. Huck is relieved. Now he and Tom can get the money that night, as long as it’s still in the tavern.

At church, they announce that the two men are still at large. Mrs. Thatcher talks to Mrs. Harper and wonders if Becky is still asleep. Mrs. Harper says Becky didn’t stay the night with them. Aunt Polly says that Tom is also missing. After questioning the congregation, a boy says that Tom and Becky might still be in the cave. Half an hour later, 200 men approach the cave for a search. The next morning, they ask for food and more candles.

The Widow Douglas comes to take care of Huck, who has a fever. She says Huck has the “Lord’s mark.” She has always felt kindly towards him, and she still doesn’t know his role in sparing her from Injun Joe’s retribution.

The searchers go deeper into unexplored areas of the cave but are not hopeful. They find the words “Becky and Tom” (234) written on a wall with candle smoke, along with Becky’s ribbon.

Three days and nights pass. Huck asks the widow if anything has been discovered at the Temperance Tavern. She says yes, assuming that he is asking about the fact that the town has discovered the tavern was still serving liquor. Now the place is closed. After Huck is asleep, the widow whispers that the searchers are running out of hope and strength.

Chapter 31 Summary: “Found and Lost Again”

The narrative backtracks to the day that Tom and Becky entered the cave. Once inside, they explore, wandering down a path and becoming separated from the group. They write their names on the wall in soot and enjoy themselves. They make frequent marks so they can retrace their steps. In a large chamber, bats chase them, driving them into an unfamiliar area.

Becky soon notices that she can’t hear the others. Soon they realize that they’re lost. Tom didn’t make enough marks, and the bats are blocking the way they came. Tom begs her not to give up and then blows out her candle to ration their light. Tom says they need to stay by a spring to have water, to give the searchers time to find them. They watch their candle burn out and lose track of time.

While Becky sleeps, Tom uses a kite line and explores some passages, using the line to find his way back. Suddenly, he sees candlelight on the other side of a small pit. He sees Injun Joe’s hand behind a rock, holding the candle. Tom shouts and Injun Joe hurries away in the other direction. Tom doesn’t tell Becky what he saw. Tom explores more as they weaken, but he thinks they are doomed.

Chapter 32 Summary: “Turn out! They’re Found!”

St. Petersburg mourns the missing children. Mrs. Thatcher is ill, and Aunt Polly is grief stricken. Near midnight, a bell rings out, along with shouts that they’ve been found. At the Widow Douglas’s house, Tom tells their story, along with many embellishments. He had finally found daylight, which he followed to an exit. When he and Becky left the cave, they were five miles from where they entered. Tom and Becky remain in bed for most of the week, recovering.

Tom hears that Huck is sick. When he visits, Widow Douglas asks him not to mention anything that might upset Huck. As they talk, Tom learns about Injun Joe’s cruel plans for the Widow Douglas. He also learns that the body of Injun Joe’s companion was found in the water, drowned.

A couple of weeks later, Judge Thatcher tells Tom that he has had the entrance to the cave sealed and locked. Tom says that Injun Joe is probably trapped inside.

Chapter 33 Summary: “The Fate of Injun Joe”

When they unlock the door to the cave, Injun Joe is just inside. His knife is broken from trying to carve through the door. He had eaten the candle nubs and some bats. They bury him near the mouth of the cave. The stalactite he tried to drink from is now, according to Twain, a popular attraction known as “Injun Joe’s cup” (254). People enjoy Injun Joe’s funeral almost as much as they would have enjoyed his hanging.

Tom tells Huck that he believes the money is in the cave. It was never in the tavern. He says he can get them to it safely, and then they can start a robber gang with the treasure as a foundation. Tom thinks the cave would be an ideal headquarters. Tom shows Huck a cross drawn with soot on the wall. Huck thinks Injun Joe’s ghost is nearby, but Tom says the cross will protect them.

They dig in the clay beneath the cross, uncovering a passage that leads to the treasure box, a cache of weapons, and some shoes. They put the money in bags, but they leave the other supplies. They decide to hide the money in the loft of the widow’s toolshed. However, on their way to hide it, they see the Welshman, who immediately takes them to a celebration party at the Douglas property. Widow Douglas makes them wash and then provides a set of nice clothes for Huck.

Chapter 34 Summary: “Floods of Gold”

Most of the influential characters in the story are at the party. Huck wants to escape because the crowd makes him uneasy. Sid says it’s a party for the Welshman (Mr. Jones) and his sons. Sid says everyone knows Huck followed the robbers to the Douglas property. Sid spoiled the secret before Mr. Jones could tell the group. Tom slaps Sid’s ears and drives him from the room.

Over dinner, Mr. Jones tells the table about Huck’s bravery in protecting the Widow Douglas, and the guests feign surprise. The widow says she’s going to educate Huck and give him a home. Tom says Huck is rich and doesn’t need it. He gets the bag and pours over $12,000 in gold onto the table.

Chapter 35 Summary: “Respectable Huck Joins the Gang”

Treasure fever hits the town, and everyone starts digging in so-called haunted houses. The widow and Judge Thatcher lend out the boys’ money at 6% interest, which will earn them each $1 per day. Judge Thatcher is in awe of Tom, and he was moved by the story of him taking Becky’s punishment. He wants Tom to be a great lawyer or soldier and to attend a prestigious military academy.

Huck doesn’t enjoy the attention as much as Tom. Instead, he finds himself dragged into civilized society, and he hates everything about it. He disappears after three weeks, and Tom finds him sleeping in the ruins of a slaughterhouse. Huck tells Tom he can’t go back and that he doesn’t like being rich. Tom says they can’t let him into the robber gang unless he’s respectable, but that it’s Huck’s choice. Huck agrees to go back for a month. He thinks if he can become a good enough robber, the widow will be proud of him.

Conclusion Summary

In a brief closing statement, Twain observes, with bittersweet insight, that Tom’s story will soon become the story of a man, which would not be as fun to read. Tom’s future story would likely revolve around money, increased responsibility, and the further, oppressive integration of Huck into civilized society.

Chapter 29-Conclusion Analysis

In the final chapters, St. Petersburg loses its idyllic sheen. Prior to the murder and the introduction of the treasure, the town has been a playground for children. It has been a substitute for Sherwood Forest, ancient battlefields, and other fantastic locales. Injun Joe’s plot reveals that the world of adults is ugly, filled with true criminals, murderers, and people with real hatred in their hearts. In some ways, it’s as if the boys’ constant make-believe about criminals and treasure hunting has prepared them for the real conflict. These realities force Tom to mature, or at least to take his situation more seriously. The moment when he testifies to save Potter marks a turning point for Tom.

However, Tom is not entirely removed from the world of children. Tom separates from Huck in favor of spending time alone with Becky. Tom is suddenly focused on ice cream and showing off, forgetting that he could be in danger. He abdicates responsibility for the plot involving Injun Joe, leaving Huck on his own during the frightening scene at the Douglas property.

Huck’s illness removes him from the main plot after he saves the widow from Injun Joe. This allows Twain to focus the narrative on the terrors of Tom and Becky’s plight, which ultimately results from Tom’s impulsiveness and immaturity. His actions place her in danger but give Tom an opportunity to reflect. Twain renders the descriptions of their descent into the cave, and their growing confusion, with care. To his credit, Tom’s determination to save Becky keeps him in motion, and he avoids the same hopelessness that befalls her. Tom doesn’t ignore his mistakes in this case. He knows that he is responsible for their circumstances, demonstrating Moral Growth and Development.

Twain employs an effective narrative tactic when he reveals that Tom and Becky survive. During their time in the cave, the reader sees their developing horror, hunger, and fatigue. However, rather than show Tom and Becky’s relief at escaping the cave, the reader learns the events from the perspective of the townspeople, when the bell joyously announces their rescue. This is similar to when the boys attended their funeral. It is the living who suffer when people die, and it is they who celebrate when those whom they thought were lost return. In this way, Twain generates suspense by focusing on those who suffer without closure.

Tom always does what he wants, and somehow, he evades the consequences of his mistakes. Indeed, he comes out of the story with a handsome reward. He has attention, he has money, and at least part of his story will always focus on his heroics in the cave.

Tom and Huck may not have the strictest moral compasses, but they are good people at heart. They contrast with Injun Joe, who is a purely evil character. Tom and Huck never truly want to hurt anyone, despite their talk of robbery, piracy, and murder.

However, the two contrast when it comes to their feelings regarding their new financial circumstances. While Tom feels rewarded, Huck feels punished and pressured by his newfound wealth and by the widow’s generous care:

Huck Finn’s wealth and the fact that he was now under the Widow Douglas’s protection introduced him into society—no, dragged him into it, hurled him into it  [...]. He had to eat with knife and fork; he had to use napkin, cup, and plate; he had to learn his book, he had to go to church; he had to talk so properly that speech was become insipid in his mouth; whithersoever he turned, the bars and shackles of civilization shut him in and bound him hand and foot (271).

If the money represents a step into the adult world, Huck wants nothing to do with it. When Tom tells him that “[e]verybody does it that way, Huck,” he replies, “Tom, it don’t make no difference. I ain’t everybody” (272). While Tom embraces notoriety, Huck mourns the loss of his relative anonymity and the days when no one cared what he did. When Tom tells Huck that he has to become respectable in order to join the gang, he is complicit in forcing Huck into the world of grownups. Huck doesn’t want to be like everyone else. Tom insists that the fact that “everybody does it that way” is a good sign, another example of his maturity, but one that necessitates increased conformity.

Twain’s Conclusion acknowledges both boys’ perspectives, honoring the nostalgia for childhood while simultaneously acknowledging that, if growing up must happen, it should be done with maturity and increased responsibility in mind.

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