49 pages • 1 hour read
Mark TwainA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The whitewashed fence is an early symbol that represents Tom’s cleverness, his hatred for work, and his charisma. Whitewashing the fence is his punishment for skipping school. Worse, it requires him to work on Saturday: “[…] all gladness left him and a deep melancholy settled down upon his spirit. Thirty yards of board fence nine feet high. Life to him seemed hollow, and existence but a burden” (11). The fence also gives Twain a chance to characterize Tom’s dramatic nature. However, Tom turns the odious chore to his advantage. He has an innate understanding of manufactured scarcity. When he pretends to enjoy the whitewashing and to appreciate its novelty, not only do the other boys ask to help, but they also pay him to let them work. In this way, the fence also symbolizes Tom’s ability to turn punishments and disasters into rewards.
Just like the mythical pot of gold at the end of the rainbow, the treasure represents the end of a quest for Tom and Huck. It also represents them taking a step away from childhood. After Judge Thatcher and Widow Douglas lend out the money they found with interest, the boys are guaranteed adult salaries for the rest of their lives, placing them into an adult situation. The treasure comprises an amount of money that many adults in the story will never see, let alone two children. The treasure brings them closer to adulthood because they now have resources and opportunities that are rare in childhood. Even though the world keeps trying to bring Huck and Tom into polite society, the treasure is a reminder that they each walk their own path. Tom loves the fact that everyone knows he is a wealthy child. Huck hates the money and would gladly give it back if it meant that everyone would let him return to his former life.
When the boys are on Jackson’s Island, a storm blows down their shelter. Whatever pleasures their jaunt may include, the storm symbolizes the hostility of nature and the dangers that lie outside of civilization. Nature is uncaring to human suffering, worry, and fear.
After witnessing Doctor Robinson’s murder, and after the invasion of the religious revival, Tom experiences another storm, but in a different way. He thinks that God sends the storm to show Tom that he is angry with him for persisting with his sins. This symbolizes Tom’s proclivity to interpret all events and coincidences as portents and also represents his tendency to make himself the center of events.
Most of Tom’s world is clear cut and unambiguous, despite his minor irritations with it. McDougal’s cave, on the other hand, is “a vast labyrinth of crooked aisles that [run] into each other and out again and [lead] nowhere” (218). The cave symbolizes both the unknown dangers of the world and also Tom’s greatest test in the story. Despite Tom’s independence, he often relies on society to help and protect him. The cave is a test that he largely faces alone since Becky grows too weak to explore with the kite line. Tom passes the test of the cave and is then poised to rejoin the people of St. Petersburg, having succeeded on his own.
By Mark Twain