49 pages • 1 hour read
Barbara KingsolverA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Lou Ann gets a job at Red Hot Mama’s salsa factory. While the working environment is terrible—no air conditioning and the workers subject to the potent fumes of spicy peppers—Lou Ann becomes passionate and enthusiastic about her work. She frequently brings home salsa and adds it to all the dishes they eat. Taylor begins cooking bland food to give their taste buds a break.
The summer becomes very hot and dry, and Taylor searches the newspaper every day for a prediction of rain. Lou Ann searches the newspaper for stories about disasters and freak accidents. She admits that she worries about the future a lot, having had a dream during her pregnancy in which an angel told her that Dwayne Ray wouldn’t live to see the year 2000. She describes how, as a child, she and her brother would pretend to see the future by looking into an old cigar box. While her brother would invent stories of himself as an old man, Lou Ann would only make predictions a few weeks in advance because of her fear of dying young. Taylor comforts her by saying that her anxieties make her a good mother and are evidence of how deeply she cares for Dwayne Ray.
Angel sends a package from Montana with cowboy boots for Dwayne Ray and a belt for Lou Ann. In his letter, he expresses a desire to get back together with Lou Ann and asks her to come to Montana and live in a yurt with him. However, Lou Ann doesn’t want to leave her job at Red Hot Mama’s, where she was recently promoted to floor manager.
Taylor learns from Mattie that Estevan and Esperanza might have to move to Oklahoma to avoid being detained by immigration and sent back to Guatemala. Although their lives were clearly in danger there, the US government doesn’t permit them to apply for asylum without documented proof of a threat to their lives. Taylor realizes how unjust the world is and how she never noticed it before.
One evening, Mattie takes Taylor and Estevan and Esperanza into the hills around Tucson to watch the first rain of the season. She tells them that this is the new year to the Indigenous people of this region, since all life renews itself after the rain comes. They watch the storm approach and then hit the desert. Estevan and Esperanza dance, and they all enjoy the rain. Taylor realizes that she’s still in love with Estevan.
The greasewood bushes produce a chemical with a clean, fresh smell that Taylor enjoys. Life in the desert begins to bloom and flourish again, showing that it was dormant rather than totally dead. Esperanza saves Taylor from walking into a rattlesnake in a tree, and Mattie observes that every living creature has to do what it must to survive.
When they return home, however, Taylor sees Lou Ann looking upset and realizes that something is wrong. While Turtle and Edna Poppy were walking in the park, a man tried to grab Turtle, and she has now become silent again. The police come and investigate while Turtle clings to Edna’s skirt. They determine that Turtle wasn’t molested, but she has bruises in the shape of fingers on her arm. Edna hit the perpetrator with her cane but can’t give any information about his appearance because of her blindness.
As the police investigate, Virgie Parsons is wielding a broom as she chases a bird that accidentally got into the house. Taylor sees how terrified the bird is and intervenes, opening the screen door so that the animal can escape into the night.
After this incident, Taylor becomes melancholy. She neglects to eat and tells Lou Ann that she’s hopeless about the state of the world after seeing how cruel and pitiless most people are toward those in terrible situations. She compares the lack of compassion for refugees to the lack of care people show toward those who have financial difficulties or are unhoused. Taylor fears that she’ll be unable to protect Turtle from such a terrible world. However, Lou Ann reminds Taylor that she’s not alone.
Taylor remains unsure of her ability as Turtle’s caretaker. While Turtle demonstrates resilience and resumes talking and interacting, Taylor fears that she’ll inevitably fail again because the world is so dangerous and uncaring. In addition, Cynthia, a social worker from the state, informs Taylor that she has no legal claim to be Turtle’s guardian and that the state may take Turtle away and place in her foster care. Taylor accepts this outcome, but Lou Ann is furious and can’t understand why Taylor isn’t planning to fight the decision.
Meanwhile, Estevan and Esperanza need to leave Arizona and find sanctuary elsewhere or risk deportation. However, Mattie can’t find anyone trustworthy to drive them to California or Oklahoma. When Taylor comes in early to work one morning, she decides to volunteer. She talks with Mattie about how she has realized that she has poor parenting skills, and Mattie reminds her that no parent can perfectly protect a child from the world but that she’s more fit to try than the state of Arizona.
Inspired, Taylor meets with Cynthia again and learns that she could legally adopt Turtle if she had the written and signed permission of her legal guardian back on the reservation. Cynthia gives her the contact information of another social worker in Oklahoma if she wants to try. Mattie is reluctant to allow Taylor to take Estevan and Esperanza to Oklahoma because she could face fines and legal penalties if she’s caught. Taylor accepts the risks, claiming that she’s not doing something heroic but rather treating her friends as anyone ought to.
Before they leave, Edna Poppy and Virgie Parsons come over to show Turtle, Lou Ann, and Taylor a rare flower called a Cereus that only blooms at night. Edna can identify the flower by its smell. Taylor wonders if this is an omen of good luck and in the morning decides that it might have predicted good weather, at least. Taylor, Estevan, and Esperanza set out for Oklahoma together in Mattie’s Lincoln because Taylor’s Volkswagen still lacks an ignition starter.
Harm to children serves as the greatest threat in the novel, relating the theme of Motherhood in a Dangerous World to the larger issue of social inequity in US society. In these chapters, both Lou Ann and Taylor find themselves paralyzed with fear for their children, leading to the novel’s emotional low point, when Turtle and Edna are assaulted in the park one night. Despite the supportive relationships and community that Taylor and Lou Ann have found, the threats of the world aren’t entirely mitigated, and resiliency isn’t infinite. These chapters address the issues of social and racial justice that inevitably harm marginalized peoples even when they have a community to rely on, indicating that more massive social change is also necessary.
Taylor and Lou Ann’s conversation about her dream that predicts the premature death of Dwayne Ray indicates that Lou Ann must find a healthy balance between fearing danger and being able to enjoy her life. While Lou Ann’s anxiety over Dwayne Ray is a result of love and care, it also causes her immense pain because she constantly fixates on his health. Taylor tells Lou Ann, “The flip side of worrying too much is not caring, if you see what I mean” (210), pointing out the positive traits that underlie her anxiety. She reassures Lou Ann that her dream wasn’t supernatural or prophetic, instead framing it as the result of her excellent maternal instincts.
However, Taylor’s own competence as a mother is under threat shortly thereafter. After going out to enjoy the first rain of the season in the desert one night, Taylor returns to find Turtle in a state of silence once again after a man tried to grab her in the park. Shaken, Taylor feels helpless to protect the child. She laments her distress to Lou Ann:
There’s just so damn much ugliness. Everywhere you look, some big guy is kicking some little person when they’re down—look what they do to those people at Mattie’s. To hell with them, people say, let them die, it was their fault in the first place for being poor or in trouble, or for not being white, or whatever, how dare they try to come to this country (229).
Thus, the novel directly connects the struggle of mothers to protect their children and the broader issues of inequity and injustice. If the world treated immigrants and impoverished people better, Taylor suggests, children would also be safer. In both cases, a lack of compassion by those who have power for those who don’t results in tragedy and large-scale human suffering.
By Barbara Kingsolver
Animals in Literature
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Community
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Contemporary Books on Social Justice
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Daughters & Sons
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Family
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Fear
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Friendship
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Immigrants & Refugees
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National Suicide Prevention Month
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Nature Versus Nurture
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Politics & Government
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Poverty & Homelessness
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Realistic Fiction (High School)
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School Book List Titles
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Science & Nature
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Sexual Harassment & Violence
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Valentine's Day Reads: The Theme of Love
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