54 pages • 1 hour read
John GrishamA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Flak’s last name has several interesting references. Flak is a military term for antiaircraft fire; the image is of a small force on the ground taking on a more powerful plane that has a tactical advantage. Flak has also come to mean strong criticism, typically lobbed by an observer at a large public issue.
Both meanings offer significant characterization for defense attorney Flak, who spends the novel fighting an uphill battle to prevent the execution of Donté Drumm, an innocent man. His career-long “fierce determination to spend his every moment fighting for the little people” (20) defines him. Like an antiaircraft weapon, Flak is targeting a behemoth—the entire legal system whose churn is hard to stop. After he fails, he becomes the whistleblower out to take down key players in that system through public outcry.
Flak is the consummate defense attorney and an aggressive investigator: He hounds Joey Gamble to admit his perjury, attempts to delay the execution with the help of a psychiatrist, does his best to make Boyette’s testimony relevant, and exhausts every other legal avenue to secure a stay. For nine years, Flak single-handedly battles the system on Donté’s behalf, operating on his faith in his client. In the process, he exhausts his own savings, faces sleepless nights, and bears the burden of sharing increasingly bad news with the Drumm family. In spite of his frustration at the ultimately irrevocable injustice of Donté’s case, Flak never abandons his client or his cause.
Before they part for the last time at the death house in Huntsville, Flak promises Donté to bring those responsible to justice, and he makes good on his promise. Flak exposes publicly the corrupt DA, the sadistic detective, the venal judge, and the power-hungry governor, filing unprecedented charges for their part in the execution of an innocent man. Flak’s partial success is a kind of victory.
Schroeder is a mild-mannered Lutheran pastor whose quiet routine in Topeka, Kansas, is suddenly upended when murderer Travis Boyette confesses to a killing for which the innocent Donté Drumm is about to executed.
Schroeder acts as a surrogate for readers, whom John Grisham imagines as well-intentioned and moral people who are unfamiliar with the injustices of the death penalty. Before learning about the flawed reality of the capital punishment system, Schroeder does little to apply the abstract ideals of his Christian faith to the world outside his church. However, during the course of the novel, learning about the shocking unfairness of the legal system makes Schroeder a staunch opponent of capital punishment. He ends the novel a committed social justice activist; his vague sermons now pointed directives, as he asks his congregation in Topeka the question that stirred Grisham, also a Christian, to become an anti-capital punishment advocate: “Would Jesus witness an execution without trying to stop it?” (445).
Witnessing the execution of Donté Drumm, Schroeder is convinced that the death penalty is barbaric—the culmination of an emotionally trying series of events that has made Schroeder into “a different person or at least a different preacher, suddenly confronting social injustice” (445). Having never “felt so alive” (422), he ends the novel as Grisham hopes readers do: awakened, outraged, and ready to continue the fight.
Executed at the age of 27 for a heinous murder he did not commit, Donté Drumm is the novel’s tragic hero. An accomplished student and a promising running back with scholarship potential, Donté, at the age of 17, loses everything because Joey Gamble, a white kid in his class, is jealous of Donté’s romantic interest in cheerleader Nicole. After she goes missing, the young Donté is bullied by police into signing away his right to an attorney and then tortured into signing a bogus confession to the murder as the only way to extricate himself from a nearly 15-hour interrogation.
Prison destroys Donté’s spirit. As one appeal after another fails, his determination to organize the long sunless days into activities that would protect his mind slowly fade into irrelevancy. By the time of his execution, he looks more like an old man, stooped, wobbly legged, shuffling, sustained primarily by his deep love for his mother. A psychiatrist hired by Donté’s defense attorney confirms that he is now showing signs of mental illness: “Death row is a nightmare for serial killers and ax murderers. For an innocent man, it’s a life of mental torture that the human spirit is not equipped to survive” (129).
Donté loses his faith and rejects the idea that he needs to make amends with God. Instead, in his final moments, Donté summons the courage and the spiritual fortitude to proclaim once again his innocence and to defiantly name those in the white power structure of Slone and the state responsible for his fate. Donté promises them that “judgment is coming” (335)—a prediction that comes true.
Boyette has no redeeming qualities. His primary function in the plot is to have abducted, raped, tortured, strangled, and then buried in a metal toolbox the young Nicole Yarber. Boyette claims that his decision to confess this crime to Reverend Schroeder was inspired by the pastor’s Sunday sermon on forgiveness, but it is quickly revealed that what drives Boyette is sociopathy, sadism, and greed. When he gets to Flak’s law offices in Slone, ostensibly to help right the wrong of Donté’s conviction, he stalls, demanding money. Even the story of Boyette’s brutal childhood, full of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse, does little to engender sympathy in this violent man.
Boyette is completely unrepentant about what he has done. Instead, he takes pleasure in manipulating Schroeder into taking him across state lines, jerking Flak’s team around, and getting to once again see the dead body of Nicole. Even after he escapes, he would rather torment his victims than make a clean getaway: His phone call to Schroeder reveals his dark sociopathic need to taunt the man who tried to help him. Boyette’s attempt to abduct another victim shows him to be absolutely irredeemable.
Boyette is the novel’s foil to Donté—one a monstrous unrepentant killer, the other, a saintly young man doomed for a crime he didn’t commit. Boyette, not Donté Drumm, is exactly the sort of vicious and violent career predator the justice system is designed to protect society from. As the novel ends, Boyette awaits his execution in Missouri—a deserved death that makes the novel’s overall anti-capital punishment argument muddled and confusing.
By John Grisham
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