55 pages • 1 hour read
Jules VerneA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Hurtling over the Pacific Ocean in a sinking air balloon, four men struggle to keep their airship afloat on the afternoon of March 23, 1865. Caught in a tremendous storm, the men continue to periodically toss more and more supplies overboard in the hope of lightening their load and keeping the air balloon aloft. Even by the next day, they still have not caught sight of any land, and their hopes begin to dim.
However, the following afternoon, one of the men spies land. One of the men falls overboard, allowing the balloon to rise up into the air just long enough to allow the balloon to make it to shore. Once the men gather themselves up on the beach, they realize that there are only four of them there—along with their dog—and that one of their companions, Cyrus Smith, has gone missing. They rush to the water to attempt a rescue.
The passengers in the air balloon were once prisoners in Richmond, Virginia. They escaped together using an air balloon grounded in the center of town, staying aloft for five whole days before crash-landing on the island. The men are Cyrus (a union soldier), Gideon Spillett (a news journalist), Nebuchadnezzar (a former enslaved person who remained attached to Cyrus as a servant), Bonadventure Pencroff (a sailor), and Harbert Brown (the orphaned son of Pencroff’s former captain).
As they begin to search for Smith, night begins to fall and a fog rolls in, making their search even more difficult. Walking along the beach, they discover that they can easily walk from one shore to the other: “The castaways had been tossed not onto a continent, nor even an island, but onto an islet no more than two miles in length, and clearly little wider” (25). Additionally, by observing the stars, they determine they have also managed to fly all the way into the southern hemisphere.
Coming to the opposite shore, they spot another shore half a mile across a swiftly moving current. Neb jumps in and swims to the other shore as the other three men ponder whether or not it’s just another island or the shore of an actual continent. Eventually, they all swim the channel and meet up on the other side.
Once on the other side, Gideon sets off in search of Neb, who immediately ran off to try and find Cyrus, while Pencroff and Harbert attempt to set up camp. Unable to capture any birds or their eggs, the two eventually discover a host of bivalves (which Pencroff identifies as Lithodomes) among the rocks for dinner. Afterward, they find a river close by, leading up to the cliff face stacked with enormous boulders. The two determine that this place would make a good shelter, and owing to the unusual shape of the structure, they dub the location “the Chimneys.”
The two find dry wood for firewood, build a raft to transport the wood up the river to the Chimneys, and use the flow of the river and the rising tide to transport all they foraged back upstream.
While waiting for the others to return, Pencroff and Harbert try to make a fire. They discover that Pencroff has lost the box of matches. Scouring the beach turns up nothing, and by evening they abandon the search. As the sun sets, Harbert spies Neb and Gideon returning alone: They haven’t found Cyrus, and, fearing the worst, they assume Cyrus is dead.
Lamenting the great loss of their companion, Gideon discovers that he has one single match left tucked away in his garments. They carefully prepare a bundle of kindling, and after a brief scare of the match failing to light, the tinder catches and their fire is finally lit. Gathering a large number of eggs from the nearby pigeons, they cook the eggs in the hot ashes. Afterward, all fall asleep except Neb, who continues to wander the shore, inconsolable.
The next morning, they take stock, realizing that all they have with them are the clothes they are wearing. They decide to remain in position for a few days in order to rest, keep their fire going, eat what they can manage to find, and regain their strength. Neb continues to hope that Cyrus will be found.
It is now March 26. Pencroff and Harbert set off on a hunting expedition, sticking close to the river to stay oriented in the thick forest. They come across a variety of tropical and fantastic creatures that Harbert tries to identify; eventually, they startle a flock of Trogon birds, which they bring back to the Chimneys as food.
After returning to camp, the men discuss the fact that no trace of Cyrus or the dog Top has been found. Neb has gone out again to search, and the rest of the men worry because he has not yet returned. Harbert wants to search for him, but the rest urge him to wait for the morning, as a storm is approaching. The companions fall into troubled sleep. However, in the middle of the night, Pencroff awakens the crew, having heard a barking dog.
All of a sudden, Top bursts into the camp. Immediately, they set out on the search with Top sprinting ahead of them. Top eventually leads them six miles away, where they find Neb and the limp body of Cyrus Smith in the midst of a host of sand dunes.
It is now morning as they all crowd around Neb and Cyrus. Pencroff realizes that Cyrus’s heart is still faintly beating and announces that he is still alive. While they marvel that he is not dead, they are equally astonished at his apparently good physical condition: “They found no contusions, nor even abrasions, on his head, torso, or limbs—much to their surprise, for Cyrus’s body must have been tossed and dragged over any number of rugged stones. Not even his hands had been damaged” (75). Pushing their questions aside, they try to revive him.
Neb recounts crossing the coastline and venturing out into the sand dunes, eventually discovering a trail of footprints that he followed directly to the body of his master, with the dog barking at his side. On their way back to the Chimneys, the group manages to revive Cyrus, who immediately begins asking questions about their predicament. Cyrus cannot recall how he ended up where the crew found him. Concluding that Cyrus must have walked from the shore into the dunes without retaining any memory of the event, they forget the issue and return to the Chimneys. Upon returning, they discover that the storm has altered the structure of their camp: Incoming waves have flooded their camp, putting out their fire in the process.
With no fire, the men attempt to light one without a lighter, matches, or tinder and flint. Unsuccessful, they abandon the attempt and drift off to sleep. The next morning, Cyrus is further revived and determines to find a way to get a fire going again while still remaining fixed on determining the precise nature of their location: “‘So, my friends, you still don’t know whether fate has left us on an island or a continent?’ ‘No, Mr. Cyrus,’ answered the boy. ‘We’ll know tomorrow,’ the engineer went on” (90-91). Cyrus proclaims that they will soon make for the highest peak they can see and attempt to determine their precise location more accurately.
They split up for the day into two parties, one party off hunting and gathering wood and the other remaining behind to explore. Eventually, Top assists the hunting party in capturing a Capybara that they drag back to the camp, and as they approach the Chimneys, they are delighted to spot a wisp of smoke in the sky. Cyrus created a magnifying lens with the crystals he and Gideon had in their watches, leveraging the rays of the sun into sparking a fire.
The next day, the whole crew sets out for the mountain peak, discovering along the way that the peak is volcanic in nature. On the climb, they detect leftover footprints of large predators and, further up, even see flocks of climbing sheep and rams. Stopping near the top, they make camp for the night, but Cyrus remains unsatisfied. He and Harbert continue to trek up the mountain, and just before the last remaining light disappears, they reach the peak. Scanning the horizon, Cyrus realizes that they are stranded on an island.
The next morning, Cyrus leads the entire company up to view the same sight. Owing to the beautiful weather, they can see the strange shape of their little island, which the captain declares to be a similar size to Malta, with about 100 miles of coastline. The majority of the island is full of vegetation, but “[t]here remained one vital question, whose response would determine the castaways’ future. Was the island inhabited?” (116). Although there seems to be no trace of any other human life, there is still no way of knowing for certain.
Cyrus rouses the men to view their circumstances as both fortunate and full of promise and hope. The men all voice their unanimous faith in their captain. In the wake of this newfound positivity, the company decide to name their island and a number of other prominent features of the landscape after great figures and places of their home in the United States. They name the island Lincoln Island, after the current president to whom they all feel a strong allegiance.
After a night of sleep, the company treks down the mountainside and decides to take a different route, returning to view the lake and the nearby forest. On their way, they suspect there may be inhabitants thanks to the smell and sight of smoke, but they soon discover that they have simply detected a sulfur spring. Hiking back to the Chimneys, the company comes across many new species of animals, including small kangaroos, agoutis—small animals like rabbits—and a small lake filled with fish.
Jules Verne draws upon action-narrative techniques to create momentum and suspense in The Mysterious Island. The narrative opens in media res, jumping directly into the action without any introduction to the characters, the chronology, or the reason why the current events are taking place. While Verne will backtrack in the next chapter, the whole first chapter focuses on the air balloon crash and the men’s final destination on the beach of the island, distraught at the realization that they are missing one of their company. This opening immediately creates suspense by introducing the dilemma—the balloon crash and the castaway situation—before offering the more mundane contextual details.
The ending of the first chapter also demonstrates another of Verne’s favorite tactics: the cliffhanger ending. Chapter 1 ends on the perilous note—even punctuated with an exclamation point—of the men in desperate straits to find their leader, who has been thrown into the sea. Heightening the tension of this ending is the fact that the very next chapter refuses to continue the narrative where the previous chapter left off and instead backtracks chronologically in order to provide the details about who these men are and how they ended up in an air balloon in the first place. The narrative only continues in the present in Chapter 3.
The opening chapters also introduce the men who now inhabit the deserted island, characterizing them as men of action, determination, and iron wills and evoking the theme The Wonders of Human Ingenuity and Technology. Though sometimes falling victim to momentary lapses in confidence and hope, the men in general prove to be both resourceful and realistic about their circumstances on the island. At first, the men have to deal with the very real fact of their isolation and abandonment in what could be a very hostile environment. Ignorant of their whereabouts, or to what manner of island they have been dropped on, the men find themselves tested on both their survival tactics and their mental fortitude.
Realizing that their chances of being rescued are close to zero, they set up shelter and food for themselves almost immediately after ensuring the safety of their missing comrade (who is found very quickly). With the very first instance of success in the face of an obstacle—managing to light a fire without any matches—the men’s disposition hardens into one of stubborn optimism, fueled by their absolute faith in one another, especially in the ability of Cyrus to lead them. With this, Verne displays the first instances of The Wonders of Human Ingenuity and Technology in the novel.
Patriotic and self-assured, the men are determined to create a brand-new colony for their homeland America, rejecting the attitude of being castaways and wanderers in a strange place, choosing instead to immediately give names to all of the locations and geographical features of their new home in imitation of the characters in the novel The Swiss Family Robinson. Giving names to the island and the various places within it gives the men a decided psychological edge in adapting to their newfound circumstances, helping them to feel more in control. The act of naming also introduces the theme Man Versus the Natural World, as the men have already begun asserting themselves in their new environment.
By Jules Verne
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