46 pages • 1 hour read
Cormac McCarthyA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: Depictions of death by suicide, mental health disorders, and insensitive language toward transgender people are prominent in the novel. The novel also features hallucinatory characters that include a person with a congenital disorder and stereotypically racist versions of blackface minstrels. There are blunt and coded references to possible incest.
The novel begins with a prologue in which a hunter comes across the body of a deceased woman hanging in a tree. The hunter discovers near the body a gold chain that has a key and a ring on it. The hunter also notices that the deceased woman has a red sash on, which ensured that her body would be discovered.
Chapter 1 begins with an unnamed female character, who readers later learn is Alicia Western, having a discussion with another character whose name is the Thalidomide Kid. The Kid and Alicia appear to know each other, as their conversation reveals that The Kid has intimate knowledge of what Alicia thinks. Alicia is a patient at a psychiatric hospital, and her conversation with The Kid reveals that she is considering ending her life. The Kid is a somewhat comic and very coarse character, and he tries to lighten the mood for much of his conversation with Alicia, a fact that does not move her. In fact, she grows increasingly frustrated by The Kid. The narrator hints that The Kid might not be an actual person, describing the character as having flippers for arms. Alicia also thinks that there is a group of others standing outside her door. As this section of the chapter moves along, it becomes increasingly evident that The Kid and the others who are not present are manifestations of Alicia’s imagination. As this section comes to a close, Alicia dreams that she and her brother, Bobby, are chasing a train in the night.
The narrative shifts to the novel’s present (1980), introducing Bobby Western. He and his crew are out on open water in the Gulf of Mexico investigating a recent plane crash. Bobby and his colleague Oiler dive to where the plane rests at the bottom in 30 feet of water, investigate the wreck, and discover certain oddities of the scene, namely that the pilot’s flight bag and the plane’s data box are missing. They come back up to the surface and board their boat, where they begin a conversation about what they saw. Both Bobby and Oiler realize that there is something strange about this wreck. They discuss the kind of plane, and how it might have gone down. They also discuss what it is like pulling dead bodies out from plane wrecks like this one, which as they investigate, has bodies still belted in their seats.
After arriving on shore, Bobby stops at a local bar where a crew of his friends and acquaintances are drinking. One of them is John Sheddan, who calls Bobby “Squire” and who is facing charges of illegally selling prescription drugs in Tennessee. Bobby does not stay long, and after he leaves, John tells a woman named Bianca that Bobby is in love with his sister (Alicia). Bobby inherited a large sum of money but has since blown it all. John also shares that Bobby is a math genius and that his sister is even more of one than he is. Lastly, it’s revealed that Bobby previously lived in Europe as a racecar driver.
After sleeping for a while, Bobby meets Oiler at a bar, where he presses his friend to talk about the latter’s experiences serving in the Vietnam War. Bobby managed to avoid serving because he was in college and considered a math whiz. Oiler tells Bobby gruesome stories of his time in Vietnam. They also discuss the strange case of the plane crash they were sent to investigate. Bobby leaves the bar and returns home to find two men waiting for him. He invites them into his apartment, where they question him about the plane. They ask if he removed a body from the plane and if he or Oiler took anything from the plane. Bobby explains that he’s a salvage diver and they only dive for what they’ve been hired to find. The men have badges, but what kind of agents they are is not disclosed. The men suggest that a passenger is missing from the wrecked plane.
Chapter 2 begins with the same narrative structure as the opening chapter, first focusing on Alicia before returning to the present and Bobby’s curiosity about the plane crash.
The narrator describes Alicia’s first experiences with the hallucinations, in which The Kid appears along with an assortment of other characters. Alicia is at the onset of puberty the first time The Kid appears. Alicia is not sure what to make of the situation and asks The Kid who he is and where he came from. Her questions are avoided and deflected. The Kid then begins an audition as characters appear and read various lines and perform antics. All the while, Alicia insists on knowing who The Kid is and how he ended up in her room. The Kid continues to dodge the questions, and answers some of Alicia’s questions with non-sequiturs and questions of his own. The Kid’s comments make clear that Alicia is a young genius. Lastly, The Kid quotes a passage from Alicia’s diary before ending with a philosophical tangent about the nature of lines, that all lines are broken, and that one cannot retrace a line to its origin without losing where they are.
The second part of the chapter begins as Bobby is at the office of Taylor’s, the company that hires him as a salvage diver. An employee named Lou is there, and Bobby asks questions about the plane crash that he and Oiler were sent to investigate and salvage. Lou knows nothing, and Bobby notes that the crash was not even reported in the news, a fact that he finds odd, though Lou is indifferent. Bobby borrows a boom truck and heads out to Pass Christian, where he rents a boat and drives it over to a bay where he searches to see if anything from the plane may have washed ashore. He spends the rest of the day exploring all the areas near the wreckage, looking for anything that may have washed ashore. Toward the end of the day, in a small cove, he comes ashore and discovers footsteps in the sand, along with tracks that appear to signal that something like a body was dragged ashore. Bobby concludes that the dragged body was most likely the missing passenger that his two badged visitors alluded to previously. The narrative skips ahead two days, and Bobby is meeting for dinner with a friend of his named Debussy Fields. After some discussion, Debussy begins telling Bobby the story of her gender transition, and recalls difficult times from her childhood. Debussy’s name had at one time been William, and she reveals to Bobby that her mother is not accepting of the transition. Debussy talks about her struggles with alcoholism, and her search for spiritual meaning.
Like many of McCarthy’s novels, The Passenger begins with a highly visual vignette that helps establish the novel’s mood. The narrator describes what appears to be a woman who has died by hanging. There is no explicit mention that the woman died by suicide, although the narrator implies such by saying, “She had tied her dress with a red sash so she could be found” (3). A great amount of detail is omitted from the scene, which helps to engage the reader’s interest in knowing more of the backstory, who the woman was, and why the death happened. The other individual in the scene, a hunter, discovers three significant objects: a gold chain on which was looped a key and a ring. Again, the omission of detail creates a natural curiosity and draws in readers.
As is often the case in McCarthy’s novels, the narrative tends to be disorienting at the beginning. The narrator introduces an unnamed woman who is entering her final winter of life. Readers also meet The Thalidomide Kid, a man who has what the narrator refers to as “flippers” instead of hands. Thalidomide was a medicine originally used to treat symptoms of morning sickness. The fetuses of pregnant women who took the medication were often affected in their physical development. The Kid’s name symbolizes how scientific interventions can lead to unintended consequences, a theme taken up in a much larger scope later in the novel as characters discuss and reflect on discoveries in physics that led to the development of the atomic bomb.
The Kid and the woman, whom readers later learn is named Alicia, converse. The Kid appears to be trying to persuade Alicia out of dying by suicide. The conversation is filled with gaps and since The Kid is a hallucination, it is Alicia’s interior monologue, which reveals the depths of her emotional suffering. This is particularly the case when The Kid conducts his auditions of various other figures who are likewise hallucinations. The back and forth that The Kid gets Alicia to participate in is a strategy to distract her from her plan to die by suicide, the irony being that it is The Kid, as symbolic of her mental illness, that she is trying to escape.
Another distinctive narrative feature of the opening chapter is that it establishes a pattern of dual plotlines. The chapter begins with the conversation between Alicia and The Kid. This plot is marked by italics, which are sometimes used to reveal a character’s thoughts. The sections that focus on Alicia could in fact be the omniscient narrator revealing what is taking place in Alicia’s mind. The second part of the narrative structure follows Alicia’s brother, Bobby Western. This plotline is more typically linear, and Chapter 1 establishes an underlying mystery that the plot will move and rise toward discovering. Bobby is not described in the typical sense; instead, much of his personality is revealed in the way he communicates with his friends, particularly Oiler. Bobby is carrying some inner turmoil hinted at by his friend John Sheddan, who says of him, “Well, you say, he has overcome his fears. Not a bit of it. He is sinking into a darkness he cannot even comprehend” (28). The narrator is omniscient, but the personalities of the characters come through in the ways they interact with others and in what others perceive of them. Importantly, the backstories of secondary characters, such as Oiler in this chapter, are revealed because Bobby is able to get them to open up and disclose inner secrets.
Certain aspects of each plotline also mirror each other. For example, as The Kid visits Alicia, she expects to see others come into the room. In Chapter 2, The Kid leads an audition of sorts that includes an assortment of characters including little people and an “aging lady” whose face is completely coated in make-up. In Bobby’s case, when he returns to shore after the salvage dive, he visits a bar where he is a regular. While there, he interacts with a similar assortment of castaways and criminals, including a man named John who has recently been arrested for trafficking prescription drugs. For Alicia, the characters are hallucinations due to her mental illness, but the mirroring suggests how both Bobby and Alicia are in many ways different from those with whom they keep company.
By Cormac McCarthy