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52 pages 1 hour read

Margaret Peterson Haddix

The Strangers

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2019

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Symbols & Motifs

The Crooked Heart

Judging by the number and variety of heart emojis on an iPhone, there are countless ways to say “I love you.” Finn, however, expresses it the old-fashioned way: drawing one by hand, albeit on his mother’s phone. The crooked heart drawing takes on a life of its own in Haddix’s tale, becoming a symbol of the resistance movement in the alternate world. Finn’s heart epitomizes a child’s love for his mother, but it also serves as a counterpoint to the manipulative tactics of the authoritarian government, symbolizing love as a tonic for evil. Also, since the authoritarian regime uses technology as a tool of repression, it is appropriate that the heart is a symbol rendered by hand. A child’s expression of love signifying resistance to oppression is a resonant narrative device.

Cell Phones/Laptops

Digital devices play an important role in the plot’s development. Kate’s letter is stored on her laptop. Messages are sent via text. Natalie uses her phone for research, communication, and navigation. The mere discovery of Kate’s phone left in the house is a signal that something is amiss. Despite the fanciful notion of parallel universes and intrepid kids on adventures, the novel acknowledges the reality of the digital world. Emma, age ten, knows her mother’s password and how to use the phone to search the Internet—though she also knows it’s against the rules. Chess and Emma are able to locate the computer file with Kate’s letter. Natalie searches her phone for “code-breaker apps” to help decipher the encrypted letter. The protagonists use a combination of technology and wits to solve the mystery, suggesting that, although these devices are impossible to avoid, they should be viewed as tools only, merely supplemental to human cognition.

Secret Codes

The world of The Strangers is full of secrets. Kate withholds many truths from her children as they grow up, including: their true identity and place of birth; the cause of their father’s death; her destination when she claims she’s leaving on a business trip; and her connection to the Gustanos. She hopes those secrets will protect the kids until it becomes necessary to reveal them. Mysteries often hinge on withholding information, slowly revealing it as the plot unspools, and Chess, Emma, and Finn are left in the dark throughout much of the novel. They uncover the truth only by cleverly deciphering their mother’s coded letter. Codes are a tried-and-true method of keeping secrets, particularly military ones. Julius Caesar used secret codes to communicate with his field generals. Alan Turing, the pioneering computer scientist, deciphered the Nazi code Enigma during World War II, allowing the Allied forces to elude Nazi U-boats and deceive them with false messages. In a world of authoritarian repression like The Strangers, secrets are vital for any insurgent movement, and codes allow for safe transmission of information. Whoever holds the secret, holds the power, and for Kate, her secrets are the only power she has against the repressive machinery of the government. Keeping the truth hidden is a matter of life and death for her, her children, and the Gustanos.

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