70 pages • 2 hours read
Neal ShustermanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This section of the guide contains descriptions of violence and suicide, and instances of bias against people with genderfluid identities.
While the entire Arc of a Scythe series is a meditation on the tendency of power to become corrupted, The Toll emphasizes the particular point that this tendency is age-old. Faraday, an honorable and compassionate scythe, thinks corruption in scythedom may be a recent phenomenon, but Da Vinci’s journals show that the very origins of scythedom are stained in blood. Faraday is struck by the realization that “the founding scythes—the shining paragons of all Faraday held true—had murdered one another” (547). The text thus suggests that any system where power is concentrated tends to be corrupt, implying that humans must be on constant watch for corruption even within themselves.
The nature of the characters who abdicate power, in contrast to those who desire it, explores how some can resist power’s allure. Greyson is the most powerful person on Earth in The Toll because of his connection with the Thunderhead, but he sacrifices that connection in the end for an ordinary life. Citra, a powerful symbol of hope as scythe Anastasia, swaps public life for a quiet, fresh existence with Rowan. On the other hand, people who desire power often grow unhinged, as in the case of High Blade Robert Goddard and Curate Mendoza. The text uses hyperbolic, extreme images of Goddard to convey the extent of depravity to which the lust for power can drive some people. Goddard is shown rolling among the scythe diamonds on his bed, their sharp edges poking him, and screaming in euphoric anger as he watches thousands of people get gleaned at Mile High City. Thus, power seems to attract the worst kind of people, while power is best wielded by those who can easily abdicate it, such as Faraday, Greyson, and Citra.
Goddard’s ever-growing desire for control shows that his thirst for power cannot be slaked and is entirely self-serving. His story arc is also a comment on how power operates in the real world, with certain governments and corporations desiring hegemony. Goodard is not just happy with being the High Blade of MidMerica: He wins or manipulates the allegiance of many regions to become Over Blade of North Merica. To achieve these ends, he foments violence against the Tonists, changes laws, and spreads fear. After the mass gleaning in the Mile High City stadium, he tells Ayn that power thrives on fear because “fear is the beloved father of respect” (326).
While Thunderhead suggested that the only entity that can be free from corruption is artificial intelligence, The Toll proposes that humans and mechanical intelligence must form a synergistic relationship to prevent the misuse of power. It is true that the Thunderhead hatches a plan to stymie Goddard’s power under his very nose, but it is also a fact that the plan requires the cooperation of many non-power-hungry humans such as Greyson, Munira, Faraday, Loriana, and the rest.
The answer to the conundrum of power in the novel lies in the dissemination of authority. The Thunderhead’s final plan works because power is not concentrated in a few hands to carry out; instead, several people perform their individual roles well within a team. Thus, assigning inordinate power to a particular group—such as the scythes—breeds corruption; the remedy is to prevent this imbalance.
In an early scene, Greyson lies to the artist Ezra that the Thunderhead wants him to paint unsavory murals. The Thunderhead gently chides Greyson that it offered no such advice for the artist, but Greyson argues that the advice was necessary. The Thunderhead finally agrees, stating that “giving him freedom and artistic license outside structured boundaries may help him find fulfillment” (139). A few paragraphs later, it tells Greyson that it has a similar plan for humanity, who “must be pushed out of the nest if it is ever to grow out of its current state” (141). As these examples show, growth is an important theme in the novel and is nearly impossible to achieve without change. Whether it is humans, Greyson, or the Thunderhead itself, every entity that wishes to grow must push boundaries, make sacrifices, and challenge the status quo.
The greatest example of true change in the novel is the Thunderhead. Throughout the novel, the benevolent AI tries out new iterations of itself so that it can emerge in a more beneficial form for humans. The journey from Thunderhead to Cirrus involves many, many, iterations, with the last deleted iteration being #10, 241,177. The generation and deletion of iterations mimics the process of producing technological code, human ideas, and the evolution of any species itself. The creation of anything new requires cycles of making and breaking. The Thunderhead also continues to find loopholes and workarounds in its own programming to this end, such as conducting a trialogue so it does not have to provide direct information to an agent or a scythe. Similarly, the Thunderhead often uses silence to convey an inexpressible opinion to Greyson.
Through the iterations—structured as the Socratic method of questions and answers—the Thunderhead concludes that to truly benefit humanity, it must really understand what it means to be human. The conundrum for the Thunderhead is that in order to experience the human form, it will have to break boundaries, structures, and the status quo. It will also have to risk sacrificing its connection with Greyson. Since it must change to grow, the Thunderhead breaks the paradigm, briefly inhabits Jeri’s body, and loses Greyson’s love. Nevertheless, it does not regret its decision because growth and transformation demand a sacrifice.
The importance of growth and change is reinforced by the novel’s end, with humanity’s hope lying in other planets. As Citra and Rowan cast aside their old lives as scythes, they are able to finally unite and head off into a new future together with Cirrus, the Thunderhead’s transformed iteration.
The world of The Toll should be a utopia since it is a world where disease, hunger, and death have been virtually eradicated. However, at the end of the novel, diseases are deliberately reintroduced into the world to make it sustainable. A portion of humanity is headed for other planets, where even Cirrus, the god-like AI of the new worlds, is unsure about the future. The utopia was thus a dystopia all along. While immortality should signify an end to the world’s problems, over the course of the Arc of a Scythe series, it only leads to corruption, violence, bloodbaths, and mass gleanings.
In Scythe and Thunderhead, the first two books of the series, characters often feel purposeless because their fear of death is removed. Many, like Tyger, fall from great heights for thrills, knowing they will be revived soon. Thus, death becomes a sport. Apart from the ennui or boredom immortality brings, there is also the problem of overpopulation. To fix this, the founders of the post-mortal world institute scythedom, which of course, brings its own share of problems. Thus, the novel suggests that the problem lies in the very concept of chasing immortality.
Through the example of scythedom, the novel explores the ethics of population control. On the face of it, gleaning by scythes is a neat solution to overpopulation. Scythes have to fulfill a certain quota or limit of gleanings, choose their targets randomly and without bias, make sure they do not glean from the same family for a year, and achieve the gleanings by painless methods. Although people fear scythes and feel the loss of their loved ones, they are assumed to accept gleanings as the price they pay for an overall immortal society. Nevertheless, by the time The Toll begins, many scythes have broken all of the commandments of scythedom. They use their power not to control the population but for cruelty and personal gain. The fate of scythedom shows that forced population control is a dubious idea because it involves curbing many human freedoms.
The Thunderhead offers an alternative perspective by arguing that death is a necessary condition of life. When one of its iterations fears being deleted, the Thunderhead consoles it that it will live on through its worthy successor, “in that new life” (466). The Thunderhead tells the iteration that fear of dying is natural, because “it is the nature of life to fear its own end. This is how I know that we are truly alive” (466). Later, Cirrus reflects that billions of attempts at life die before one species can evolve. This is the way of all creation. Therefore, the novel suggests that humans should accept mortality as part of what makes humanity truly human.
By Neal Shusterman