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55 pages 1 hour read

Gloria Naylor

The Women of Brewster Place

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1982

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Chapters 2-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 2 Summary: “Etta Mae Johnson”

Etta Mae Johnson pulls back into Brewster Place in an “apple-green Cadillac” on a hot summer afternoon. The other residents and the children playing in the street watch as she gets out of the car with a bag of clothes and a stack of Billie Holiday records. From inside her own apartment, Mattie sees her friend coming up the steps and opens the door for her. With Mattie, Etta feels like she can be herself again and sits down to relax. She tells Mattie that the man she was seeing became “ornery” when she decided to go home and refused to give her money for a plane ticket, so she stole his car keys while he was passed out in a drunken stupor.

The narrative flashes back in time to explain that Etta and Mattie grew up together in Rock Vale, Tennessee, where Etta was “in constant trouble” for her “blooming independence.” She left Rock Vale but met similar luck in the big cities. In 1937, “America wasn’t ready for her yet” (60), so Etta took to attaching herself “to any promising rising black star” (60), moving from man to man throughout her life. Now, however, Etta tells Mattie that she is growing tired of finding “business opportunities” and would like to settle down with a nice man. Mattie invites her to her evening church service, telling her that there are some nice “settle-minded men” there.

Etta attends the service with Mattie, showing “too much bosom and too little dress” (62). She is immediately captivated by the “magnificent” guest preacher, Reverend Woods. She imagines the life she could have as his wife and starts scheming to meet him after the service. Meanwhile, Reverend Woods has also noticed Etta, and after the sermon, he makes his way through the crowd quickly to speak to her before she leaves. Mattie introduces the two and stands by as they start to flirt. The reverend invites the two women for coffee. Mattie tactfully declines, and the two women wait outside for Reverend Wood to finish his goodbyes. Outside, Mattie tells Etta that she worries the reverend isn’t “serious” about her. This offends Etta; she thinks Mattie is saying she isn’t good enough for someone like Reverend Woods. She tells Mattie that she’ll show her and the “gossips” who live in Brewster Place. Mattie is shocked but doesn’t argue, knowing that her friend must make her own way.

Throughout the night, Etta experiences “another world” as she imagines her future with the reverend. However, as they have sex in a hotel room, Etta’s dreams collapse as she surveys the cheap hotel room and realizes that they will perform the same tired rituals to finish the night. As he drops her off outside Brewster Place, the reverend reflects that Etta “made it easy for him” (72); he didn’t even have to make up an excuse for why he couldn’t see her again. He thinks that having sex with “worldly women” is good because they can have fun without any expectations. Etta stands outside Brewster Place longer “with a broken spirit” (74). Even though it’s late, she hears music from Mattie’s apartment. Her friend is waiting up for her, and Etta goes inside, knowing that “love and […] comfort awaited her” (74).

Chapter 3 Summary: “Kiswana Browne”

Kiswana lives in a studio apartment on the sixth floor of Brewster Place. Looking out the window, she is surprised to see her mother entering the building. She quickly circles a few classified ads in the newspaper and rushes to tidy the apartment while her mother climbs the stairs. She closes the pullout sofa bed, still rumpled from the night before, and removes evidence of her boyfriend from the bathroom. As she does so, she thinks about how her boyfriend likes to make love “from the bottom up” (77), so Kiswana has taken to keeping her toenails painted. Her mother knocks, calling her “Melanie.” Kiswana is annoyed that her mother won’t use her new name, but when she opens the door, Mrs. Browne immediately asks about the apartment and the broken elevator.

Her mother points out that Kiswana has a view of Linden Hills, the upscale neighborhood where her parents live, but she pretends not to have noticed. They talk briefly about Kiswana’s father and siblings, and Mrs. Browne tells Kiswana that her brother, Wilson, came to visit. Kiswana recently borrowed $20 from her brother to get her coat out of layaway, and she worries that her brother has tattled. She admits that she borrowed the money, hoping to head her mother off, but Mrs. Browne says that Wilson only wanted to tell them that his wife was expecting another baby.

Annoyed, Kiswana thinks about her brother. She resents his lack of participation in their college’s Black liberation movement. He has dark-skin and thick-hair but refuses to grow a “good ’Fro” and made fun of the thin one that Kiswana tried to wear. Now, he works at a law firm and has a family. Mrs. Browne picks up on Kiswana’s defensiveness and insists that she doesn’t want to start a fight; she only wants to see her daughter’s new home and ensure that she is safe. Kiswana begins to relax when her mother compliments the apartment’s decor, even though she mentions that a busty Yoruba goddess statue might be too “suggestive” and might give Kiswana’s male visitors the wrong impression.

Mrs. Browne insists that she worries about Kiswana living in Brewster Place along with “[those] people” and wants to lend her daughter the $75 she needs to install a telephone. This makes Kiswana angry. She says that all the tenants in Brewster Place are Black people like her, and she accuses her mother of forgetting who “[her] people” are because she has spent too much time in the upper-class neighborhood across town. Kiswana tells Mrs. Browne that she isn’t rich like her parents, and this sparks an argument about Kiswana’s decision to drop out of college. Kiswana claims that her school was “counterrevolutionary” and that “[her] place” was marching in the streets fighting for equal rights. Mrs. Browne counters, that the “revolution” hasn’t amounted to much; the “country [is] still full of obstacles for black people to fight their way over” (84). She urges Kiswana to get an “important job” where she can have real “influence.” The argument escalates until Kiswana accuses her mother of being “ashamed of being black” (85).

Mrs. Browne regales Kiswana with the achievements of her Black ancestors. She named her daughter after her grandmother and was heartbroken when Kiswana changed it, feeling like Kiswana didn’t recognize the history and pride in her own bloodline. Kiswana fights back tears and hugs her mother. Then, she notices that her mother has her toenails painted. Kiswana asks, and Mrs. Browne blushes and tells her daughter that Mr. Browne talked her into it. Shocked, Kiswana realizes that she and her mother are not so different after all. Mrs. Browne takes her leave, and as she walks out of the building, Kiswana finds an envelope with $75 stuffed between the couch cushions.

Chapter 4 Summary: “Lucielia Louise Turner”

Ben, the janitor and handyman of Brewster Place, is outside on a cold spring morning drinking wine. He is interrupted by a man named Eugene, who reminds Ben about an upcoming funeral for Eugene and Lucielia’s baby daughter, Serena. (Lucielia is the now-grown granddaughter of Eva Turner, who helped Mattie in Chapter 1.) Eugene tells Ben that he won’t be going because Ciel blames him for the child’s death and refuses to see him.

The narration flashes back in time to the recent past. In this earlier time frame, Mattie sits at the table with baby Serena while Ciel tells her that Eugene has come back and has changed for the better. He now has a new job and excuses his past behavior with explanations of depression and unemployment. In her mind, Ciel doesn’t understand why she is giving Eugene another chance. There is something about him that “became one […] with her actual being” (92), and she does not know how to explain this to Mattie. Things between her and Eugene are good for a while, but then they start to go wrong for the second time.

The narrative goes back a bit further in time and relates events leading up to Ciel’s meeting with Mattie. During this time frame, Ciel soon becomes pregnant again, and Eugene often comes home banging his keys and looking for a fight. One day, he comes home angry and announces that he has lost his job. He complains that Ciel is only good for “[b]abies and bills,” and laments that he will soon have another mouth to feed. To placate Eugene, Ciel decides to have an abortion. She keeps the procedure and everything associated with it “completely isolated” in her brain, “as if belonging to some other woman” (95). Afterward, however, everything feels strange, and Ciel struggles to reengage “with her own world” (95). She is suddenly “terribly possessive” of her daughter and refuses to let the child out of her sight.

The narrative returns to Ciel’s meeting with Mattie. Eugene opens the apartment door and tells Ciel that he needs to talk to her, indicating that Mattie should leave. The older woman offers to take Serena, but Eugene, who dislikes Mattie, refuses. After Mattie leaves, Eugene announces that he has a new work opportunity and needs Ciel to help him pack. Ciel gives Serena some blocks to play with, and she and Eugene talk in the bedroom. He tells her he has been offered a job working on the docks in Maine. For now, he will go by himself to see the situation before sending for Ciel and the baby. He refuses to give her details of the job and changes the location from Maine to Newport as they argue. She begs him to stay, thinking of her abortion and everything she has endured for him. He refuses, and she sees the “arrogance and selfishness” (100) in his face and knows that she will “start to hate [him]” (100). Meanwhile, Serena plays with her blocks alone in the kitchen. When she sees a cockroach run across the wall, she abandons the blocks and chases the insect. The roach crawls into an electrical socket, and the baby tries to stick her fingers in after the insect. When they don’t fit, she sees a fork lying abandoned on the floor and sticks the tines into the outlet. Her scream interrupts her parents’ argument.

The narrative flashes forward in time to Serena’s funeral. Ciel doesn’t cry, and afterward, she stops speaking, eating, and even drinking water; she is ready to die. Her friends and neighbors bring food and condolences, but Ciel stays in bed, silent and unbathed. When Mattie sees Ciel, she knows that she is dying. She sits on the bed and rocks the younger woman until Ciel begins to moan. Mattie continues to rock her, moving through time and space until they find “the nadir of her hurt” (103) deep inside her and wrench it out. Ciel rushes to the bathroom and vomits, “exorcising the evilness of pain” (104). Then Mattie bathes her, slowly and gently, like “a newborn.” Wrapped in a towel as Mattie changes the sheets, Ciel finally begins to cry. Mattie knows that Ciel will heal.

Chapters 2-4 Analysis

The chapters in this second section of the novel tell the stories of two women who are very close to Mattie: Etta Mae Johnson and Lucielia Louise Turner, as well as one woman who is an outsider in Brewster Place, the more affluent Kiswana Browne. Unlike Mattie’s chapter, Etta’s chapter takes place almost completely in the novel’s narrative present. This difference underscores Etta’s tendency to live in the moment and take life as it comes. From the minute she enters the story driving a stolen green Cadillac, the author emphasizes the fundamental differences between Mattie and Etta. While Mattie dedicated many years of her life to her son and has never been with another man since her afternoon in the forest with Butch, Etta has made a life of floating from man to man in an opportunistic fashion. While Mattie played by the rules, Etta spent her years getting into “constant trouble.” However, despite Mattie and Etta’s very different paths, their decisions to take up residence at Brewster Place suggests the systemic and inescapable nature of the problems they both face. While they might have the illusion of taking different paths and living different lives, the marginalization they face as poverty-stricken Black women relegates them to metaphorical and literal dead-end streets like Brewster Place, no matter how hard they try to play by the rules.

Besides the lack of flashbacks in this particular chapter, other stylistic differences between Mattie’s and Etta’s stories illustrate the varied narrative techniques that Naylor employs to intensify the nuances of the complex characterizations that dominate the novel. Most notably, Etta’s narrative is infused with lyrics from jazz songs, an artistic touch that evokes her spontaneous personality. As Etta arrives clutching her collection of Billie Holiday records, the jazz music is designed to highlight her lust for life and her tendency to improvise. The implementation of the lyrics also strategically fragments her narrative in a way that mirrors Etta’s tendency to flit from man to man and city to city, and ultimately, both her story and Mattie’s reflect the theme of “Deferred” Dreams and the Search for Belonging.

While Mattie and Etta’s interactions establish the general tendency of the novel’s vignettes to intertwine, Kiswana’s story stands as a bit of an outlier, for she is not as intimately connected to the other residents of the Brewster Place community. Most of the tenants live there because they have nowhere else to go. Kiswana, however, comes from a comfortably middle-class family and chooses to drop out of her “bougie” college to experience life “in the streets” with “[her] people” fighting for revolution (83). In order to embrace her Black identity, she has changed her name, decorated her apartment with statues of African goddesses, and moved to Brewster Place where she can be “in day-to-day contact with the problems of [her] people” (84). Within this transformation, she has embraced an African heritage that she imagines to be more authentic than her true ancestry, but in doing so, she overlooks the bravery and resistance that her own ancestors exhibited. Kiswana’s conflict with her mother therefore highlights a crucial generational difference. In Kiswana’s eyes, her mother has “a terminal case of middle-class amnesia” (84); she believes that her mother has forgotten the struggles that Black people face and is content to live her comfortable life without protesting the many social injustices that exist. However, Mrs. Browne proves to have far more insight than Kiswana gives her credit for, for unlike her daughter, she understands that there will be no overnight revolution and that Kiswana would be wise to use the advantages of education and social status to work within the system and make a long-term difference. Like many of the women at Brewster Place, Kiswana is searching for a sense of home, community, and self. She doesn’t feel that she belongs in the middle-class neighborhood of her childhood, and her search for belonging brings her to Brewster Place.

Also searching for a sense of belonging is Lucielia Louse Turner, or “Ciel,” who struggles to build and maintain a family unit. Ciel is Miss Eva’s granddaughter; she grew up with Mattie and her son, Basil. For this reason, Mattie often acts as Ciel’s surrogate mother and cares deeply for the woman. Ciel’s chapter is one of the most temporally fluid, for it opens with the end of the story, as Eugene complains about not being welcome at baby Serena’s funeral. This offhand reference to such a tragic event raises tension in the narrative and sets the stage for the series of flashbacks that provide expository information in strategic bits and snatches. The narrative moves from Lucielia’s kitchen table on the day of Serena’s death to an overview of her problematic relationship with Eugene. While all of the women in Brewster Place endure the results of their own lost and broken dreams, Lucielia is one of the characters who suffers the most from her experience. The loss of her child and the abortion she undergoes to please Eugene combine to choke her with a nearly insurmountable grief that almost kills her. However in an eloquent reflection of the theme of Community and Sisterhood Amidst Adversity, the only thing that saves Lucielia is the love of another woman. As Mattie compassionately bathes Lucielia, she cleanses the younger woman literally and figuratively to heal her psychological wounds.

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