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76 pages 2 hours read

Don DeLillo

White Noise

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1985

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Part 3, Chapters 22-26Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3: “Dylarama”

Part 3, Chapter 22 Summary

Since the Airborne Toxic Event, the sunsets in Blacksmith are more beautiful than ever. At the supermarket Murray tells Jack that his rival in the Elvis studies field, Dimitrios Cotsakis, drowned on vacation in Malibu, clearing the way for Murray. At the end of the chapter, Jack reveals that he still hasn’t told Babette about his exposure and diagnosis.

Part 3, Chapter 23 Summary

With the Hitler conference only a few months away, Jack increases the frequency of his German lessons with Howard Dunlop. Meanwhile, men in Mylex suits continue to roam the town with German shepherds, measuring toxicity levels. Heinrich dismisses concerns over chemical spills, arguing that the low but pervasive doses of radiation from TVs, radios, and microwaves are far more dangerous. While most of the potential symptoms of Nyodene D have subsided, deja vu remains prevalent within Blacksmith. Murray believes that when people experience deja vu, they are remembering premonitions of the future that their brains had repressed.

Part 3, Chapter 24 Summary

While attempting to fix the bathroom radiator, Jack discovers a bottle of Dylar taped to its underside. There are four pills left. Rather than confront Babette, Jack informs Denise of his discovery. Denise says none of the local pharmacies are familiar with Dylar. Jack calls Babette’s physician, Dr. Hookstratten, who says he has never heard of the drug and chastises Jack for calling him at home after 10 p.m. Jack tells Denise that he will take one of the pills to a colleague in the chemistry department for analysis.

Part 3, Chapter 25 Summary

Jack gives the Dylar pill to Winnie Richards, a highly respected yet habitually evasive research neuro-chemist at College-on-the-Hill. Winnie tells him she will have results in 48 hours. Back at home, Jack is worried about Babette, who frequently gazes vacantly out their bedroom window. Jack admits that he found the Dylar, but Babette denies having any knowledge of the drug and offers to have sex with Jack in an effort to change the subject.

All week long, Jack tries to track down Winnie, who has a habit of avoiding others whenever possible. When he finally catches up to her, she explains that Dylar is an advanced drug delivery system that is far more precise than a tablet or a capsule. It delivers a psychopharmaceutical chemical to a distant part of the brain’s cortex . Because the chemical is not on the market and doesn’t match any known brain-receptor drugs, she cannot say what it’s purpose is.

Part 3, Chapter 26 Summary

Jack once again confronts Babette about Dylar, only this time she tells him the truth. She confesses to becoming obsessed with her own death over the past year and a half. She tried everything to alleviate it, from holy men to books of the occult. One day she responded to a tabloid ad asking for volunteers to participate in a study on alleviating fear of death. For months, she underwent tests conducted by a company she calls “Gray Research,” refusing to reveal its real name. A project manager Babette refers to as “Mr. Gray” believes that by isolating the part of the brain that fears death, Dylar can relieve this fear. But when Gray Research’s lawyers deemed it too risky to conduct human trials, Mr. Gray and Babette agreed to perform their own tests in secret. In return for allowing her to be the test subject, Babette has sex with Mr. Gray on regular occasions in a grubby motel room. Babette also details some of Dylar’s potential side effects, one of which includes becoming convinced she is dying when she hears trigger phrases like “[f]alling plane.”

While Babette says that Dylar provided some relief at first, it has since stopping working. Mr. Gray cut off the study, apologizing and saying that Babette is not the right test subject. The bottle under the radiator is the last of Babette’s Dylar.

Jack is devastated, in part by Babette’s infidelity but mostly because he relies on his wife’s strength in the face of death. He feels he can no longer face death, knowing that his wife fears it as much as he does. Jack also feels betrayed because unlike his ex-wives, Babette never showed a tendency toward conspiracy and plotting until now. Jack asks her, “Is this why I married Babette? So she would conceal the truth from me, conceal objects from me, join in a sexual conspiracy at my expense? All plots move in one direction” (189).

At the end of the chapter, Jack reveals to Babette what the computer technician told him about his Nyodene D exposure. She cries and beats him on the chest before finally falling asleep. Later in the night, Jack checks for the Dylar bottle under the radiator, but it is missing.

Part 3, Chapters 22-26 Analysis

In these chapters, the full conspiracy behind Dylar is revealed, forcing Jack to face hard truths about Babette and their relationship. Before that happens, it is notable that Jack keeps his exposure to Nyodene D a secret from Babette. While Jack always hid his fear of dying from his wife, this represents a considerable escalation of secret-keeping, one that puts him closer in temperament to his ex-wives. Jack’s secretiveness grows into outright plotting when he finds the Dylar bottle and delivers one of the pills to Winnie for analysis. That said, it is Babette’s refusal to admit to her use of the drug that puts Jack into this position, with Denise as his co-conspirator.

When Babette does reveal the full story, Jack is not particularly stricken by the revelation of the sexual affair. He responds to the affair with wry yet cruel jokes, not unlike the kind he uses when arguing with Heinrich. In summarizing Babette’s confession, Jack says, “Then he entered you” (185), knowing his wife hates that word with respect to sex. But when he learns that Babette fears death as much as he does, Jack’s body goes cold: “I felt hollow inside” (186). As Jack tries to convince her that she doesn’t fear death, his words reflect the hollowness he feels, knowing full well the terror of mortality.

When Jack finally reveals his own shattering fear of death, the two engage in a verbal contest over who fears it more. But soon this gives way to a new kind of intimacy. Finally, Jack can share the one thing he’s always kept from his wife. In their commiseration comes the first explicit mention of the “white noise” that provides the book with its title:

 “‘What if death is nothing but sound?
‘Electrical noise.’
‘You hear it forever. Sound all around. How awful.’
‘Uniform, white’” (189).

This draws a direct connection between death and the technological buzz that haunts the Gladneys’ every waking moment, from the television, from the radio, from the refrigerator. In the previous section, Jack says, “The greater the scientific advance, the more primitive the fear” (154). Rather than distracting humanity from death or staving it off, technology merely brings people closer to it, in an elemental and terrifying sense.

During their conversation, Jack also repeats the line, “All plots move in one direction” (189) toward death. He is devastated that Babette has kept secrets and engaged in sexual and pharmaceutical conspiracies. Her lack of guile had made her an island in a sea of fear. Now Jack realizes she is just as adrift as he is. Moreover, the Dylar doesn’t work anymore, meaning that Babette’s effort to plot her way out of death’s grasp has only reiterated its indomitability in her mind.

At the end of Chapter 26, when Jack finally reveals his Nyodene D secret, he does so with the same sense of nihilistic determinism to which Heinrich frequently succumbs. He notes, “We are the sum total of our data, I told her, just as we are the sum total of our chemical impulses” (192). Jack delivers the news as matter-of-factly as possible, saying, “So we are no longer talking about this fear and floating terror. This is the hard and heavy thing, the fact itself” (192). This suggests that despite the trite saying that the thing we fear most is never as scary as the fear itself, that isn’t true when it comes to death.

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